Qingdao City In The Process Of Modernization Of Social Stratification (1897 ~ 1937),

The research of Social stratification is the core problem of the study of the social structure,which is the key research of history and sociology,and social stratification is a hot issue of the theoretical,policy-makers and the public.Qingdao had clear regional differentiation all strata of society.The emergence of Qingdao's structure of social stratification had direct contact with imperialist aggression,so Qingdao's strata structure had western style.Qingdao is a typical immigrant city,there were excessive farmers in Qingdao,there were surplus labor force,so Qingdao's stratum structure was unreasonable, which became the burden for Qingdao's modernization.Upper strata were the top leading force of Qingdao's modernization,whose quantity was slow,they occupied the most economic,political and cultural resources,they led a rich life,and the way of their life had important influence on the whole society.Middle strata were the backbone of Qingdao's modernization,they got higher education,they had stable vocation and income, and they had stable life.Lower strata were basic forces and passive victims.They didn't have culture and technology,they didn't have stable vocation and income,and it was difficult to solve the problem of food and clothing.From the income,educational level, living conditions and the role of Qingdao's modertionzation from 1897 to 1937,upper strata,middle strata and lower strata were followed by "pyramid",which highlighted the embryonic form of modern stratum structure.There were frequent vertical mobility and horizontal mobility among strata,modern mobility mechanism emerged in Qingdao.The development of Qingdao's modernization was in need of large number of labor forces who got modern education,but there was suplus agricultural labor forces who came from countryside,Qingdao was unable to transform traditional man to modern man,Qingdao's social stratum structure was far from achieving modernization.