Chong Thick And Late Qing Dynasty Dynasty

The authorities in late Qing dynasty and their roles in its political transition serve as a significant part in the profound changes of political and social development in modern China. As a local officer with an origin of Manchu , Chonghou, who was the first one to participate in the Westernization Movement, played a significant role on the political stage by acting as the Minister of Commerce and Foreign Affairs in three coastal cities, namely Niuzhuang,Dengzhou and Tianjin. However, despite the fact that a lot of research on Chonghou' role in the Westernization Movement and his diplomatic practices and thoughts has being done by various schools of history scholars, a large space of improvement on Chonghou's study, especially a whole-aspect and totally clear evaluation of Chonghou, still exists.In view of this, this essay, with the purpose of obtaining some insights on the unavoidable trend of China's diplomatic and political modernization through considerable changes of Man-Han relations, is trying to analyze the different roles of Chonghou in different political events and illuminate his influence on the political status of late Qing dynasty. The essay is divided into five parts.Part one is the preface, which involves the reason for this research and the evaluation on some related previous research achievements. Besides, research methods adopted and structure of the essay are briefly introduced as well.Part two, elaborates Chonghou's various practices during the period of his first political career through two aspects. The first one is about his reform on Tianjin Customs System and performance in foreign trade negotiations. The second one is about the establishment of Tianjin Machinery Bureau.Part three, analyzes Chonghou's actions in two different diplomatic crashes, including the cause, the process and the consequences of the whole events. This part deals through two aspects. The first one is about Tianjin Church Case. The second is about Qing's sovereignty resumption of Yili. Chonghou's attitude towards both events reflects the dilemma of late Qing dynasty's diplomacy.Part four, evaluates Chonghou's complicated thoughts reflected through his activities mentioned above and illuminates his progress and limitations in such a specific historical phase.Part five is a conclusion, which serves the purpose of this essay. This part demonstrates the individual's influence on the whole political status and Qing government's moderation in various fields. A non-inverse trend of late Qing's development is analyzed in this part.