Marxism, Hermeneutics View Of Practice

The conception of practice, a fundamental view of Marxist philosophy, can be understood from different perspectives, and perspective matters in the right understanding of the whole nature of Marxism. The thesis holds that the whole nature of Marxism philosophy, a world-changing philosophy, cannot be accurately grasped unless Marxist conception of practice is seen from the perspective of human studies.The thesis is composed of three sections. The first section makes a thorough comparison of three different perspectives adopted in seeing Marxist conception of practice: epistemology, history and humanism, pointing out the rationalities and limitations of each perspective. One common limitation is that, from these perspectives, Marxist philosophy can only be chiefly seen as one interpreting the world, rather than a revolutionary one aiming to change the world. The following section moves on with a new interpretation of the conception of practice from Marxist human studies. The thesis agrees with China's philosophical circle in that Marxist philosophy is practical materialism, which is put forward of change the world. Giving prominence to human's status as active subject and human's role to create the human world, practical materialism highlights the human studies facet of Marxist philosophy.Seen from the perspective of human studies, practice in Marxist philosophy refers to all activities of changing the world and creating a human world, and human-and-individual-generating activities. Practice is postnatal, creative and generating, and includes all human postnatal activities. The third section analyzes the decisive role of practice in the generating of human. This section also discusses the generating practice activities of humankind and individuals, detailing the practice basis of the historical generation of both human as a whole and individuals. By probing into the modern human generation in China, the thesis puts forward specific objectives and realistic ways of Chinese people's modern generation. It is pointed out that China's on-going socialist reform and opening-up is the fundamental activity of human's modern generation in China.Among all the transitions taking place in Chinese society, the modern transition of human is of vitality and urgency. Human's modernization is vital to the modernization of a society. Human's modern generation will be impossible without social practice activities, for human can only be generated through social practice. The Chinese people can only be transformed into a people with modern qualities in the practice of modernization drive. Adopting the practice conception in Marxist human studies, the thesis tries to analyze human's modern generation in China for the purpose of arousing philosophical reflections on human's modernization under the background of China's modernization drive.The thesis makes theoretical innovations in the following two aspects. First, it studies thoroughly other interpretations of Marxist philosophical conception of practice, namely those from the perspectives of epistemology, history and humanism, and compares their rationalities and limitations. Second, the thesis interprets practice from Marxist human studies, elaborating on the decisive role of practice in human's generation. The thesis further discusses the generating practice of humankind and individuals, notably the modern human generation in China. It is pointed out at the end that China's on-going socialist reform and opening-up is the fundamental activity of human's modern generation in China.