The Yuan Tombs

Yuan Dynasty is the first Feudal dynasty of the unification of the whole country , which was build up by the national minority in Chinese history. Its predecessor is Yeke Mongghol Ulus founded by Chinggis-qan. The two are closely linked in Chinese history, and is called Mongol-Yuan. Historically, Yuan Dynasty is a relatively complex period in social formation because of the diversity of ethnicity and religious belief, and is a special period with the intercommunication and integration of different cultures. In a sense, tombs of Mongol Empire and Yuan Dynasty were the epitome of society, which reflected all aspects of social life from indirect perspectives.In recent years, along with the development of archaeological excavation, the burial date of Mongol-Yuan period began to accumulate, which brought new opportunities to the comprehensive research of the tombs of Mongol-Yuan period. The article is on tombs of Mongol Empire and Yuan Dynasty excavated in China. According to the tomb's structure and the characteristic of the grave goods, the paper divided the tombs of Mongol-Yuan into three areas, namely north of the Great Wall, from south of the Great Wall to north of the Yantze River and the Southern area. Referencing to previous research results and combining with document materials, the tombs of Mongol-Yuan in area to north of the Great Wall is divided into two successive periods, namely Mongol Empire Period (1213-1271AD) and Yuan Period (1271-1368AD). Basing on the annual tombs, the tomb's structure, the grave goods and the decorating of the tombs, the paper divides the Mongol-Yuan tombs from south of the Great Wall to north of the Yantze River into three successive periods, namely Mongol Empire Period (1213-1271AD) , Early Yuan Period (1271-1311AD) and Late Yuan Period (1312-1368AD). The tombs of Yuan in the southern region lasted from 1279 to 1368, less than one hundred years. The people in this region kept Han cultural tradition, so the tomb of Yuan in the southern region was basically in the continuation of the tomb of the later Southern Song. Dynasty changed, however, the style of the tomb didn't bring out significant transformation. Thus, it is difficult to carry out the division of ages.According to the research above, the essay discussed the characteristic and interrelation of the Mongol -Yuan tombs in three areas, for another, summarized the current situation of the bricked mural tombs in Mongol Empire and Yuan Dynasty, and then according to the burial date of Mongol-Yuan period, archaeologically analyzed the duality of Mongolian culture and Han culture. Finally, the paper briefly summarized the social activities that the Mongol-Yuan tombs reflect, including the Ethnic Belongings, the religion, the sacrifice etc.