Cultural Diplomacy On The Earlier Of The Cold War The United States To The Soviet Union

This article is a study on the cultural diplomacy of the United States towards the Soviet Union in the early period of the cold war, especially on its reason, development, implementation and effects. After the death of Stalin, the Soviet domestic and foreign policies have undergone significant changes besides the relaxation of international tension in the external, especially first proposed cultural exchanges with the United States. The "strategy of revolution" of the United States towards the Soviet-East Europe nations was ineffective, so the United States began to adjust its strategy to the changes of Soviet policy. The United States began to implement the "strategy of evolution", in order to use the ways of cultural diplomacy and cultural exchanges to promote its "evolution". From 1958 when the first cultural exchanges agreement signed between the two countries, the United States began to use a wide range of cultural diplomacy activities towards the Soviet Union, and cultural relations have become a relatively stable content in the framework of the overall relationship between the two countries. The cultural diplomacy of the United States towards the Soviet Union was inherited by the successive governments. The mainstream of the Cold War study is the ideological conflicts, national interests, power, security and other aspects, but often overlook the aspects of cultural policy between the two superpowers, which made the study of the cultural diplomacy, should be further strengthened. In this paper, the writer will use the declassified documents of the United States government as the main source of information, on the base of research results from home and abroad, through the history of formulation and implementation of cultural diplomacy towards the Soviet Union, tying to reveal the effects of cultural diplomacy in the United States government's overall Cold War strategy, and reveal the influences of cultural diplomacy to the successive U.S. administrations and the disintegration of the soviet union.This paper is divided into four parts:The first part discusses the reason for the implementation of cultural diplomacy of the United States towards the Soviet Union, they are to promote the changes within the Soviet Union, the "strategy of revolution" of the United States towards the Soviet-East Europe nations was ineffective, the changes of the Soviet Union policy after the death of Stalin and the cultural tradition of the United States. Basing on these analyses, the writer tries to explain that the United States began to implement the cultural diplomacy towards the Soviet Union in the early period of the cold war, which was not the moment arbitrary, nor was only an expedient response to the Cold War, but had historical traditions and practical considerations. In short, multiple factors decided it. The second part discusses the changed process of the United States policy from "strategy of revolution" to the "strategy of evolution" and the development of culture policy of the United States towards Soviet Union. This part mainly uses archives, from the perspective of the history of policy development and uses NSC5505 / 1, NSC5508 / 1, NSC5607 files as the clues to discuss the changes and its reason of the United States'policy. The strategic changes of the Soviet Union and the United States laid the foundation for the implementation of cultural diplomacy. U.S.-Soviet cultural exchange agreement was signed in 1958, which provided the United States with reasonable and legitimate channels to implement a wide range of cultural diplomacy activities towards the Soviet Union.The third part describes the specific content of cultural diplomacy of the United States towards the Soviet Union. As the restrictions of materials and space, this part focuses on the 1958 to 1959, which is the implementation period of the first cultural exchange agreement. These include performing arts, information, tourism, science and technology, education, exhibitions, etc. This part discusses in detail the Soviet and American National Exhibition in 1959. From this perspective, the writer analyzes the cultural exchanges between the two countries during the Cold War, which was characterized by cooperation and struggle.The fourth part analyzes the cultural diplomacy of the United States towards the Soviet Union. At first, the writer analyzes its results, which is the policy has increased the pressure within the Soviet Union and has great influence on the disintegration of the soviet union and the end of the cold war. The characteristics of cultural diplomacy of the United States, including the cultural diplomacy model of the cooperation between government and the public, the strong sense of ideology in cultural diplomacy, focus on promoting the U.S. mass consumer culture and the diversity and continuity of the cultural diplomacy, etc.