Zhang Tingyu The Ups And Downs, The Han Chinese Scholar-officials During The Yongzheng And Qianlong In The Qing Court's Position,

Zhang Tingyu is a very important politician during the early Qing dynasty. He took the first place among the Han officials during the Yongzheng and Qianlong periods,and was also the only person who deserved the Imperial Ancestral Temple. On the one hand, Zhang Tingyu won the trust of Emperor Yongzheng. On the other hand, though Zhang Tingyu ever bestowed favors to Emperor Qianlong, he was greatly beated mercilessly and discredited by him only because of some small mistakes. Considering the attitudes that the two generations of emperors treated the same minister, there is a greatly contrast of which is worth pondering and researching.The relationship between Zhang Tingyu and the supreme ruler of Manchuria, is the key to study the political history of Yongzheng and Qianlong dynasty. This thesis seeks the reason why Zhang Tingyu was on the ups and downs to be a official by way of comparison, and tries to find out the relationship between Han People and Manchu and the position that Han official.There are two parts in this thesis.Part I:First of all,this part analyses that why Emperor Yongzheng was against the ancestral system "respecting Manchuria",and deduced the power of the Manchu nobility,while developed the Han official,and even expanded the Han forces bigger to the cost.Secondly, this part examines the capability, moral and contribution of Zhang Tingyu, and finds out the reason why he was deeply appreciated by Emperor Yongzheng.At last, it assesses how far Emperor Yongzheng stepped along this way.Part II:First of all,it focuses on the effect that Zhang Tingyu did to Qianlong's policy. Secondly, it introduces the monarchical ideology and national policy of Emperor Qianlong, analyses the reason,scale and harm to the Rights of the Emperor from the two political groups by E and zhang, and the relationship between Qianlong and Zhang Tingyu in the problems of the Imperial Ancestral Temple. This article will reveal the root causes of the conflict beween the Emperor and Zhang.Finally, the article attempts to reveal a strong national policy of ethnic discrimination from a new perspective.The Manchu emperor had always preached integration and equality, which were just their slogan and strategy. Among the Han officials,Zhang Tingyu devoted all to the authority. However, he was still marginalized by the rulers, and led to the situation of such a miserable state of the old ages.The rulers could not fully trust the Han offecials,and were always keeping watch on them. Thus, conflict between the Manchu Chinese and the Han Chinese had been esisting.The source of Zhang Tingyu's tragedy was from this.