A Study Of National Relationship And Policy In Song Ningzong 's

As part of the ideas and practices of running a country,the ethnic relations and policies of SONG Dynasty had strong characteristics of that times. Song Taizong established a "keep in" "laws descending from forefathers’s governing philosophy and adopted Jimi (羁縻)Region policy towards other nations. When these national conflicts happend, the SONG Dynasty intended to use economic or culture means to smooth friction, while military means were often withdrawed, thus forming the long-term coexistence of ethnic relations with each other.As a matter of fact,this ethnic policy can not play the effect when Jurchen launched a strong military war. After "Jingkang incident",the relationship between SONG Dynasty and Jurchen became the core part of ethnic relations and even the national political and military affairs. Between the North SONG and South SONG,the regime of Song had already lost dominant position in the Central Plains, turning to a subordinate position with Jurchen. With this new form of ethnic relations, Southern SONG Dynasty must offer some new strategies or attitudes toward other nations, such as Dali.In the era of Song Ningzong, this situation changed again. In politics, after "Kaixi Northern Expedition", " South expansion of war", Jurchen promoted an active peace, which means they had lost the dominant position; in economy, the South SONG Dynasty achieved the copper cash flowing south, the economy is better than Jin Dynasty’s; in culture, Jurchens admired and learned the sincization strongly. For this, The emperor of Jurchens repeatedly stressed the adherance to his national folkways.....consequently, after the Dynasty of Song Ningzong, the South SONG and Mongolia jointed together to beat Jurchen, gaining the redemption for the defeat in "Jingkang incident".In the era of Song Ningzong, the decision-making layers, frontier defense ministers, new confucianists and other individuals or groups have participated in the discussion of actual content or ethnic politics with Jurchen. They offered some advices by analyzing variable situation. Generally speaking, these suggestions are all about views of "defend",or "revenge". Consider the declining background situation of Jurchen, these opinions are basically objective and positive.In the period of Song Ningzong, northern Mongolia had emerged. Yet, Southern SONG did not make active or positive adjustment in time, which foreshadowed its future demise.