| Nowadays more and more projects exist in all kinds of fields in our social life. Projects' forms are more diversified, from the Olympic Games to a birthday party. Project management has been given more and more attention by our government and all kinds of industries. Not only have lots of associations relating to project management come into being, but also our government has issued standards and regulations about project management (Construction Engineering Project Standard GB/T50362-2001) to make scientific, regularize and legalize our country's project management for a higher level.Though diversified, projects have the following basic attributes in common:1, One-time validity: One project has specified start and finish without any previous example or future duplicate.2, Uniqueness: No project is completely the same as another on time, location, environment and social conditions even if some projects may provide similar products or service. 3, Objective's certainty: Projects must have exact finishes, i.e. objectives, including not only time objectives but also results, quality and other restrictive objectives.4, Organizational provisionality: All of staff and organizations that collaborate by contracts, agreements and other social relations for a project would be dismissed or removed after the end of the project.Its one-time validity, uniqueness, objective's certainty and organizational provisionality make project be a kind of innovative work and project management becomes management of innovation realization. In another word, project management is to apply all kinds of resources to project, to achieve project's objective and to meet the requirement and expectation of all parties involved in the project. A project usually goes through four basic managerial procedures: project initialization, project planning, project fulfillment and control, and project ending.Project initialization includes project selection, project staff establishment,project application and project financing.Project planning sets up objectives and ways to obtain objectives for organizations, including several key points: project quality, budget and progress requirement, etc.; Definition of project scope includes analysis and definition of project tasks; Project's organizational structure and responsibility allocation and planning of resource needs, etc..Project fulfillment and control is the real operational procedure for project construction to carry out, including two parts, namely fulfillment and control. During the course of the project, the two parts are necessary and they are overall response and actual adjustment to the project plan.The last phase of a project is project ending. Work at project ending includes various inspections for acceptance, verification, contracts ending, and materials collection and transfer.Project planning is giving a forecast of future, specifying objectives, evaluating possible problems, laying effective schemes, actions and methods to achieve objectives and solve problems after research results of validity show that the project is valid or meets conditions. Project planning is a procedure of how to allocate time, funds and resources as well. It plays an important role in project management and the core of project management which specifies the schemes on what to do, who to do, when to do and how to do during the course of project. "Everything should be planned, or it will not turns good." To make a project successful, we need not only good ideas but also well planned ways. Project planning will be done after project's validity shown at phase of initialization. Project planning is undoubtedly a very important procedure and work arrangement which involve all aspects of the project to obtain project objectives. Project planning considers specified aspects and integrity of project. Project planning results are documentation to instruct project's organization, fulfillment, coordination and control work.This thesis mainly states content about project planning:... |
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