| Today, with the fast growth of the knowledge-driven economy, the high-Tech enterprises' developments have become the focus of the research, as well as their behaviors. The investment of Research & Development is the main topic in the research. The affirmance of the high-Tech enterprise in our country requires more investment in R&D, such as the higher ratio between the high-Tech products and the products been sold and the ratio between the R&D investments and the sales. At the same time, high-Tech enterprises must invest most funds in their research and development continuously and be sure to have successful outcome, in the aim to grow in strength. The growth of the Science and Technology leads to higher update rate of the product, which leads to the shorter life cycle of the product. In the middle of the 20th century, the average life cycle of the product is 20 years; in 90 century, it is 7 years. In American, life cycle of their products is equal to 3 years in the time of 1980's and 1990's, and is no more than 2 years in 1995. All of these stimulate the companies to develop new products to cater for the rapid supply changes, not driven by the profit, but at lest by survival. Creativity in production has become the constant state in their operation. Creativity in production and technology is the life spring of high-Tech company, more and more high-Tech companies have organized their own R&D department, invested a good deal of funds in R&D activities, and the number is huger. From 2000 to 2003, Nokia Company had invested respectively 2.655 billion, 3.067 billion, 3.136 billion and 3.863 billion US dollars, the rate to sales is 8.5 per, 9.57 per, 10.17 per and 12.77 per; Microsoft Company's was 3.772 billion, 4.379 billion, 4.307 billion and 4.659 billion US dollars, and the rate is 16.43 per, 17.31 per, 15.18 per and 14.48 per. High-Tech enterprises in our country are also growing up, their investments in R&D are continuously increased, far more companies have already enter into the capital market for fund-raising, they grow well. As compared to other companies, High-Tech enterprises have more strong technology, are more care about the value of knowledge, hold a herd of excellent R&D staff, the comprehensive research and development ability is more strong. To get more useful creation, they have also invest more funds and human resource in research and development activities, and the value of the human resource is higher than that of equipments used in R&D activities. Investment in R&D is continuous and stable and huge for high-Tech company, compares to other companies, which is short-term and transient, it is more meaningful for the former. For High-Tech enterprises, the state of R&D investment plays more obvious role in it; it can reflect the company's level of knowledge, ability of research & development and the future of it, to some extend. So this thesis chooses the High-Tech enterprises' R&D expenditure as the object, not including other companies' R&D expenditure.There are different opinions about the R&D accounting processing, which focus on the recognition. As to how to recognize the R&D expenditure, someone argue that it is an expense, and others argue that part of it should be capitalized. Our accounting system regulate that the R&D expenditure should be recognized as expense in the term it is exhausted, The main reason to take this method is that the great indetermination exists between the investment and the outcome, in addition, the authority is also afraid that other non-high-Tech enterprise will be random to adjust R&D expenses and regard them as regulator of the profit. While this kind of method to neglect all R&D expenditure is unfair and unreasonable to the high-tech enterprise, because it didn't think of the fact that super profits can be received by R&D activities, and the ratio of successful R&D items to the all R&D items in some high-tech enterprises have already exceed 60 percent. So the existed accounting system about R&D expenditure is out of time. |
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