"five-year" Period China's Urban Employment Policy Research

Town employment is an important aspect to the nation and society. It affects economy, politics and society greatly. CPC and the government of PRC had kept paying full attention to it since 1949. Our country began to construct on the socialistic industrialization in the period of the first five-year plan, and all kinds of policies came into being in this period including the policy on town employment, which remained effective until the reform and opening-up. There were both gain and loss in this period. It left much experience and reference to us today. In this article, the author seeks to explain the policy on town employment in the period of the first five-year plan by demonstration. The article contains four parts. In the first part, the author introduces the background of the policy on town employment in the period of the first five-year plan. Firstly, it generalizes the position and tendency, which includes the accomplishment of the three grand missions, the whole course of CPC in the interim, and the beginning of the first five-year plan. Secondly, it reviews the process and effects on town employment in the resuming period of the country economy. Finally, it analyzes the problems and challenges on town employment before the first five- year plan in practice. In the second part, the author discourses upon the whole process of town employment in the period of the first five- year plan. It consists of three phases. The first phase is from Jan 1953 to Jun 1953 when the government took charge of enrolling and dealt with it step by step. The second phase is from July 1953 to Jun 1955 when government introduction was connected with earning one's own living. The third phase is form July 1955 to Dec 1957 when the government took charge of employment completely. The author discusses the policies on town employment with many arguments in the three phases. In the third part, the author discourses upon the effect of the policy on town employment in the period of the first five- year plan. It summarizes the basic tendency of town employment in the three phases, which is the buildup of the government unifying and planning. The positive and negative effects of the policy on town employment were analyzed from different aspects.The fourth part is the conclusion part. It analyzes on the reason of the policy on town employment in the period of the first five-year plan from traditional Marxist theory on unemployment, the policy on town employment in USSR and our country's understanding to the town employment in the beginning period of PRC. It ends with some revelations about Chinese town employment according to both the positive and negative result of the policy on town employment during the period of the first five-year plan.