U.s. Technology To China Export Controls And The Reasons,

The control on the technology transfer is a basic policy the United States government has carried out for a long time. The American regards the hi-technology as a key area concerning the national security. Improper technology transfer would enable other countries the ability to threaten the national security and reduce the advantage in hi-technology of the United States. On the other side, the technology transfer would promote the development of the American economy, create the chances of employment, and boost the development of hi-technology itself in the U.S. Thus, when facing China, a non-enemy and non-friend socialist country, the U.S. government swings this policy so much. The goal of this article is to give a retrospection of this swinging policy, find its reasons and propose the policy suggestions of dealing with the policy for China.Chapter I generalizes the domestic legal basis of this policy and its development, in addition with the multinational regime dominated by the U.S. about the control on technology transfer.As the centerpiece of this article, chapter II and III elaborate the characteristics and changes of the policy of the control on technology transfer to China in different periods since 1949. From 1949 to 1972, the U.S. imposed sanctions to China and there was no technology transfer at all; from 1972 to 1989, owing to the common menace, China and the U.S. became strategical partnership so that a great number of hi-technology had been transferred to China; after the cold war, due to the disappearance of the common enemy, the ideological difference and the conservative Congress, the U.S. adopted a restrict policy on technology transfer to China.Chapter IV analyzes the reasons of this policy. According to the article, because of the ideological difference, the perception of the only enemy after the cold war by American seems natural, and the conservative Congress also plays a negative role on the matter. In the last part, the article suggests the Chinese government adopts different countermeasures to deepen the civil reform and promote the development of the economy.