On Labor And Value Creation

Before Karl Marx, Labor theory of value has beendiscussed by bourgeois classical political economy. On the basis of critically carrying on and developing bourgeois classical political economy, Marx has founded scientific labour theory of value as well as the political economy of the proletariat with this as its foundation. However, Ever since Marxism labor theory of value been founded, supporters with opponents, praises reputation with slanders have been going all along, argument has never been stopping really. The focus of argument is concentrated on the problem of value source, and derivative with others related argument. The reasons of argument, besides the cause of ideology, perhaps mainly result from imperfectly understanding Marxism's the categories of "productive labour" and "nonproductive labour". The traditional political economy considered parochially "productive labour" as the labour of producing material product, and taken "nonproductive labour" as the labour of producing immaterial product, and then considered that only the former is just the source of creation value, the latter does not create value. And opponents insist that not only production labour is the source of creation value, nonproductive labour also creation value, even put forward the materialized labour also creation value. Obviously, the both sides of argument are wrong, or are not accurate at least. Therefore, we are necessary to reconsider and re-understand Marx's the true meaning of the categories of "productive labour" and "nonproductive labour". According to the views of Marx, "productive labour" and "nonproductive labour" is not from the material nature of labour ( It is neither from the nature of labour product, nor is from the nature of specific labour ), but from the social form of certain realization by the labour, from the social production relation. The material natures of labour, and consequently the material nature of labour product, as far as itself is concerned, there are no any relation with the difference with productive labour and nonproductive labour. Productive labour and nonproductive labour are being always understood from the perspectives of currency owner or the perspectives of capitalist, instead of understanding from the perspectives of workers. Takes another words, productive labour denotes the labour can produce capital or surplus value, but nonproductive labour denotes the labour cannot produce capital or surplus value. Thus it can be seen that productive labour and nonproductive labour don't commit to judge the basis of criterion value of source.Through reviewing about Marx's labour theory of value, we can discover, from his history conditions, Marx mainly analyzed the problem of the source of creation value in material production labour field, this is correct undoubtedly. However, since long-term, the traditional theory of political economy only regarded the material production labour as the source of value creation, restricted the power of explanation reality of Marx's labor theory of value, and given chances for other value theoretical schools to attack and to challenge Marx's labour theory of value. About the problem of value source, we can notonly regard the source of value creation as material productive labour, we also can not regard factor of production as the source of creation value; We can also not mention in the same breath value creation with value distribution. No matter the distribution according to performance or production factors, there is no any inevitable relation with labor theory of value. In fact, the labour of creation value is not only confined in material productive labour, Marx also did not such mechanically define. What value embodies is that the categories that merchandise producers exchange their labour mutually; its nature is the economic relation between merchandise producers or the exchange relation. So, all of those alive labour that manufacture goods is taken exchange as purpose, and produces and offers various visible merchandise and invisible merchandise for societ...