| For a long time, the income distribution of residents has been one focus of theoretical research and policy-making. Especially along with the increasingly deepen of economic system reform, the income inequality has been worsened. Many scholars has lucubrated in this area and brought forward a lot of countermeasures and proposals. But we can see there are not too many meticulously empirical researches on income inequality. At the same time they usually adopt methods such as Gini coefficient and contrastive analysis on income levels of different kinds of grouping, there are less analyses using decomposing method. So this thesis laid stress on empirical research. Based on urban households survey data of Beijing and using internationally universal inequality measurements - Theil indices and Gini coefficient – and their decomposing methods, the author gives indepth analyses to reveal the changing of urban residents' income inequality since the economic reform.There are mainly four parts during discuss: At first give an analysis on general changing trend of urban residents' income inequality of Beijing. Secondly proceed argumentation on the macroscopic causes that induce worsen of income inequality. Subsequently give detailed analyses on the structure and changing of income inequality and at last supplementary analysis and conclusion.In the first part, the author gives a description of the changing trend of income inequality and indicates that the income differential has been distinctly broadened since the economic reform. The changing of inequality appears episodical character and will keep on worsening in the future. At the same time the decile ratio that represent the gap between the rich and the poor is comparatively high and deserve to be concerned.The second part is causes analysis that proceeded from two aspects: economic growth and system transition. Base on the statistics demonstration we found no obvious relativity between economic growth and income inequality. The broaden of income inequality is mainly derived from system transitional cause, and almost in all the years of important reform measures emerge on stage, the income inequality worsened. Then the relationship between system transitional factors and income inequality has been discussed, including ownership structure reform and SOE reform, income distribution system reform as well as lodging reform, etc.In the third part, the author goes on detailed analyses on the structure and changing of income inequality according to different reformational phases:Before 1978, there is an equalitarianism allocation model at low wage levels in Chinese urban area. The government established the principle of distribution according to work in 1978, but the succeeding generally wage adjustment has behaved as an equalization measure. Though the income level had been raised, the equalitarianism in distribution did not changed during this period. But the distribution of income in kinds was uneven.From 1984 to 1986, the increase of income disparities was engendered by the full-time employees' wages of national ownership department and wages of retirees. And its major cause is the wage system adjustment. In 1992, the distribution status indicated that economic system reform has acquired preliminary effect. The income from non-public ownership department and property income has broadened the income inequality. The decomposing analysis based on the grouping according to personal features reveals that a good many of females that have demand to obtain employment can find jobs. Thus results in worsen of inequality within group. The educational attainments are not perfectly positive correlated with one's income.From 1992 to 1994, labor income broadened income inequality as a whole and the interior differential of wages from national ownership department was enlarged. Transfer income no longer acted as a factor that worsens the income inequality. The income disparities between sexes increased and that between ages decreased.During the period fro... |
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