China's Rural Social Old-age Security System Reform Analysis And Mode Of Conception,

China is a country with a large population in which the rural peopleaccounts for about 70%. However, the society of PRC rests on a notionof divided citizenship, so rural and urban is sharply distinguished.Therefore, the developing speed of rural area is slower than that of urbanarea that has been being focused to develop. In the recent years, thereappear many issues on rural area, such as the poor development of ruralarea, the low living standard of rural people and the lack of socialsecurity for rural population. If not solved in the proper way, theseproblems will affect the stability and the development of China in thefuture. As a result, the solutions to these issues are on the agenda of thecentral government. With the entry to WTO, the socioeconomic changes seem to beobvious. Almost one-third of the rural workforce is not "rural" but ismainly employed as wage laborer in the local industry. The rural-urbandistinction is further blurred by the marked increase in migration totowns and cities. Therefore, the risk exposures of the rural peoplebecome larger than before. At the same time, as the ageing of population,the issue on lack of old-age social security appears to be more urgent todeal with. According to the fact on this issue, this article analyzes thesituation of old-age social security inside and outside of China, and theauthor tries to figure out the idea on how to establish a suitable old-agesocial security system for rural population on the basis of the analysis. In the preface of this article, it tries to re-define the coverage of old-age social security system covering all the rural people including thefarmers with land, the rural workforce and the farmers without land. Inthis way, it becomes convenient to transfer the social security amongdifferent areas for the rural people with high liquidity. Following this re-definition, this article gives an idea on setting up an old-age socialsecurity system for rural population with the characters of having thefunction on dynamic transfer and multi-pillar security system. Chapter 1: the analysis on current situation of old-age securityfor rural population. In this chapter, the author describes the specificsituation and issues on the old-age social security for rural population indetails. First of all, for the farmers with land, they mainly depend on thefamily security and self-security by the old, with the supplement fromthe provision of the government and social-communities. Secondly, forthe rural workforce, the coverage of the social security is limited, and itdoesn't include the old-age security mostly. In addition, there aredifferent measures taken by different areas for the rural workforce.Therefore, there exists another issue on social security transfer. Finally,for the farmers without land, the only way to fund the social security istoo limited to support it with the loose regulation. Thus, the farmerswithout land are almost under the circumstance of having no security. Chapter 2: the comparison and inspiration on the overseas old-age social security system in rural areas. In this chapter, it introducesthree types of old-age social security system for rural population ofdifferent countries, including Brazil, Japan and Mauritius. Respectivelyit states the operational process and the characteristics of the securitysystem, and makes a conclusion on how China can use the experiencefrom the foreign countries for reference. The Brazilian social assistancepension puts forward the idea of being financed by the centralgovernment and totally operiationalised by the National Social SecurityInstitute. In Japanese and Mauritius rural pension, there are still somepoints need to be focused. Especially the government should takeadvantages of the enthusiasm from the organizations in the rural areas toassist the regulation of the rural old-age security systems, and thegovernment should enlarge the coverage of the old-age security systems. Chapter 3: to establish a proper old-age social security systemfor rural population in China. This chapter is the key part of...