Between The Marxist Theory Of Socialism And Realistic Socialism "split-level"

More than 150 years ago, Karl Marx put forward socialist theory. It is over 80 years since the occurrence of socialist society. In mid-1980s, however, Comrade Deng Xiaoping surprisingly remarked: "What is socialism? What is Marxism? We did not have a clear idea about the aforementioned questions. " This arouses confusion in many people. It not only influences on the publicity effect of socialist theory, but has a direct influence on the actual construction of socialist society as well. Therefore, further research into this question is of major theoretical and realistic significance. The author believes that there exists a "split level" between Marx's socialist theory and realistic socialism. The appropriate understanding of and answer to the questions is the crux of the matter as well as an innovational point of the article.Fundamentally speaking , Marx's theory of socialist society was directed towards the developed countries. Therefore, from the very beginning, socialist society has the advanced productivity level that is typical of capitalist society. Even in his statement on the Russian social development, Marx still remembered to stress that Russia must absorb all the advanced and civilized achievements of the capitalist society. However, the oriental countries universally skipped the appropriate development of capitalist society and entered socialist society, that is, they failed to absorb all advanced and civilized achievements. Thus, "Split level" emergesbetween Marx' s socialist theory and realistic society. The socialist production force described by Marx was developed, being on the top of the "split level" structure, while the socialist production force in practice is underdeveloped, being on the bottom of the "split level" structure. How to comprehend the "split level" accurately in time is an essential prerequisite to building socialism. Marxist successors in socialist practice, either regarded the socialism described by Marx as realistic socialism or considered realistic socialism as Marx' s socialism, that is, either raised the historical starting point of realistic socialism or lowered the logical starting point of the socialism Marx predicted , thus causing severe confusion in the knowledge of what is socialism. In terms of the theory of knowledge, there are two reasons: first, the successors fail to be recognize the corelation of Marx' s elaborating socialism and productivity, second, the successors have confused Marx' s different elaborations on socialist features and nature, thus aggravating the "split level" between Marx' s socialist theory and realistic society.On the basis of deeply summarizing the historical lessons, Deng Xiaoping claimed that China is still on the initial stage of socialism, thus revealing the most fundamental reality of China . Accordingly he set up standing point for solving all the current China' s problems. Based on this, Deng Xiaoping generalized scientifically in an all-round way about the question "What is socialism" , "The nature of socialism is to liberate and promote production force, eradicate exploitation, remove polarization and reach commonprosperity in the end. " The basic connotation of this scientific statement is in accord with Marx' s expounding of the nature of socialism, that is, putting development of production force at priority, thus radically refuting theoretical and pratice trend that certain feature of socialism is misregarded as the essence of socialism and realizing the unification of Marx' s socialist theory and realistic socialism. This is of epoch-marking significance in the history of scientific socialism.