Sovereign Thought

This paper aims at the sovereignty thought historical treatise , it ' s divided into four chapters:In the first chapter, the author mainly introduces the etymology, the historical background of proposing of the sovereignty concept and Jean Bodin and Hugo Grotius' sovereignty theory. It's usually believed that Italy's Machiavelli is the forerunner of sovereignty theory. In the later16th century , the capitalism had already developed, the bourgeoisie required to end feudal separatism and to establish the union market. Comform to the current situation, France's Jean Bodin systematically put forward to the national sovereignty concept and theory. Becaue of the time limitation, the Jean Bodin mainly enunciated the independence and supreme of national sovereignty in a home angle. With the capitalism further development and the appearance of modern significance nation-state , the relationship between the nations is becoming more and more frequent , As a result, the foreign sovereignty was raised at the historic moment. The national foreign sovereignty theory is put forward by the famous "father of the international law" - Hugo Grotius. He was the first man to expound the independence of state sovereignty in his famous literature 《War and peace law》 .In the second chapter, the author introduces Hobbes, John Locker and Rousseau's national sovereignty theory emphatically and the inheritance relations between them. In Locker, the Rousseau time, the sovereignty theory developed completely. From Locker's parliamentary sovereignty to Rousseau's people's sovereignty, the western sovereignty theory had established basically.In the third chapter, the author discusses that the state sovereignty theory was challenged. In this chapter, the author takes the First World War as a separatrix, and introduces all previous dynasties counter- national sovereignty theory's representatives and their theories. In 19th century, with the capitalism foreign expansion, the westen nations who enjoyed sovereignty monopolizly were carry on the colonial wantonly in the global scope and destroyed the Asian, African, and Latin American national sovereignty and independence. Thus this condition was the huge challenge to the sovereignty theory.