The Rise Of Civil Society And Governance Changes In The Pattern

Since reform and opening up, along with our country transferring from planned economy system to market economy system, the economical and society's management begin to shift from direct to indirect, from macroscopic to microscopic, from control to the service. And the partial functions which should be undertaken by the government originally shift to the society gradually. In this process, the society separates from the country gradually and the state social control weakens day by day. Personal freedom and the autonomy of the community also has been continuously upgrading, which urges the citizen to form various kinds of civil society organizations in order to achieve or maintain their own interests. With the strength of civil society organizations growing, they not only make up for the market failure and government failure and concern for the disadvantaged groups, but also safeguard and promote social justice and the protection of human rights and play an important role in other aspects. At the same time the large number of non-government organizations have emerged as important characteristics of the rise of civil society, the society has some new characteristics and trends. The civil society advocates the individualism. This means that why the country exists is to protect and promote individual right and the benefit; the civil society stresses plurality and diversity for ideological pluralism, personal lifestyle pluralism and the main social diversity; the civil society promotes participation and this means that citizen's participation in the country's political life is important components of civil society; the civil society upholds the rule of law and stresses that the public power authority and operation must be consistent with the constitution and the law to protect the rights of the individual, the civil society respects the autonomy of social, civil society's key character is opposite in the national independence and the independency, the citizen have the widespread autonomy in the social domain. Civil society's these characteristics present the stern challenges to the current managing pattern of our government, because our government have many problems in the process of managing society. for instance, social management's main body was too still unitary; the management method simplifies and the government's mode of administration assumes the single track by lacking the social cooperation and citizen's participation; government's service consciousness is light; government participation in the administration of political channels blocked; government's supplies ability is relatively insufficient and the administrative right infringement and the power is bigger than the law. These issues have not yet been satisfactorily resolved. These questions' existence shows that we urgently need to reform the government's managing pattern to adapt civil society's development. This article in view of these questions, and proposes four goals for changes in the governance model. 1st, The service government, the government is set up according to democratic system's frame, the legal procedure and the citizen's will, and it's aim is to realize the service function, undertake the service responsibility and serve for the citizen for the objective. It has abandoned the officialdom standard-based, and regards the citizen-based, community-based concept as a guide. The government insists on the immediate interests of the public and takes the initiative to meet the needs of the government's position on the role of services. 2nd, limited government, as compared to unlimited government or the omnipotent government, it is built up on the basis of the market failures and government failures and the development of independent civil society. On the one hand, it requires that the government's functions and powers of the scale should be subject to the constitution and the law clearly restriction under the conditions of market economy and stresses that the government's macro-control and social self-management, respects for the objective laws of market development. The government and the community should play their respective strengths. On the other hand, the government must listen to the voice of the people, to encourage people to participate in the administration of the process and accept the supervision of the people. However, this is not to weaken the effectiveness of the government but hope to meet the social needs of public goods with the low cost. Therefore, the core substance of limited government is to reduce the government's administrative costs, improve the government's administrative efficiency and build a strong, honest and efficient government. 3nd, democratic government. It refers to the fact that the government should operate under the supervision and restriction of social management on the basis of the consent of all citizens. In such an atmosphere of democracy, the relationship between the government and society, the government and people is no longer the tense oppression relations, but the relationship between the commission and agents. Government must adopt a sound democratic system to enrich the forms of democracy to guarantee democratic election, democratic decision-making, democratic management and democratic supervision, and ultimately safeguard the citizen's rights and freedoms. Citizens monitor and restrict the government through the participation in political affairs in an orderly manner to ensure that the will of the majority of people in the exercise of public power. 4nd, the rule of law, building the rule of law is the key to the development of socialist democracy and a socialist political civilization, an inevitable requirement. The so-called rule of law is the law of the governance community, requests the organs of administration according to law, the pursuit of the rule of law. In this regard, we can understand from the two following aspects: On the one hand, the government is the main body , civil society and rule of law is the object. Rule of law in the country's political life and public administration must be carried out according to law, the rule of law operate on the track, rather than admit that there is no any administrative power and the administrative behavior without legal basis . On the other hand, the government is the object, civil society and the rule of law is the main body. The nature of the rule of law is to respect the law, that is, through the democratic and political system and constitutional law to restrain government power. According to the meaning of the rule of law building a law-based government lies first and foremost in managing the government according to the law, followed by the government managing society according to the law.