The Republic Of Prison Improvement And Modernization

This thesis mainly focuses on the First Prison in Beijing, which was the first example in the reforms of the prison system during the period of the Republic of China and had the some special and typical features. The concept of modernization and the related different views are also explained in this thesis. At the same time, the author gives his definition and understanding of modernization and introduces the reforms of the prison system at the late of the Qing dynasty and its influence on the reforms during the time of the Republic of China.In the historical review and analysis of the prison reforms in the Republic of China, the author firstly discusses the transformation of the prison system in that period from several aspects, including the improvement of construction and administrative system in prison, the authority of the prison officers, the rights and obligations of the prisoners. Through the description of textual, systematical and ideological modernization in the administrative structure of prison, the comprehensive understanding of the prison system and frame is given. Secondly, the author illustrates the measures in the reforms of the prison system at that time. Through the two institutions: the prisoners' exercise and education, the transformation from methods to ideas in the reforms is presented. At the same time, the reason of exercise institution policy, the administrative system in this policy and its implementation are analyzed. Besides, the details in educational institution policy and its implementation are also explained. On the basis of that, the modern features in educational policy in the prison system are argued.Through the comprehensive review and analysis of the reforms in the prison systems in the Republic of China period, the author argued the reasons of the active prison reforms from many fields including domestic and foreign situations, politics, economics and foreign policies. The Republic of China's endeavor to keep up with international surroundings and modernization is also described. The author argues that the transformation of some ideas in the prison reforms such as severe punishment and influential education reflected the external influence on China. In this process, there were some conflicts and harmonies. This study tries to supply some useful analyses for the culture exchanges and the problems in this process.Finally, the further conclusion of modernization in China is drawn from the transformations of system, idea, culture in the reforms of the prison system. This prison reforms reflected the civilized and cultural conflicts and harmonies in the process of Chinese modernization. According to this, the culture plays an important role in the process of modernization.