Research On The Relationship Between Beijing Government And Charity In The Republic Of China (1912-1927)

During the period of Beijing Government of the Republic of China,disasters occurred frequently,wars continued and political situation was unstable.In the disaster-prone social environment,the number of charitable organizations is increasing,and the government of Beijing,the manager of society,jointly participates in social relief and social charity management.In this process,the two have an inseparable link.Under the influence of the frequent natural disasters,the inability of the government to relieve disasters,the promotion of local self-government movement,the development of capitalist industry and commerce,and charitable forces abroad,charitable organizations in the period of the Beijing Government of the Republic of China achieved rapid development,especially the development and establishment of the three major charitable organizations,the Red Cross Society of China,the China International Famine Relief Commission and the World Red Swastika Society,and the benevolence of Shanghai and other regions during this period.A large number of charitable organizations emerged,forming a period of free growth of charitable organizations.The relationship between Beijing government and charitable organizations belongs to the relationship between management and being managed,which is mainly manifested in the efforts of Beijing government in establishing charitable management organizations and charitable legislation.Firstly,the government set up the Ministry of Internal Affairs in the central government,the Department of Internal Affairs in the local government and the Relief Department to manage charitable affairs;secondly,the central government mainly enacted charitable incentive legislation,and the local government also enacted relevant charitable legislation,but there are some deficiencies in charitable organizations and charitable supervision legislation;finally,the government carried out the relevant legal and procedural system for charitable organizations' legislation.Fixed.It can be said that the charitablemanagement system and charitable laws and regulations in the period of Beijing government are still in the stage of exploration and development.As a participant in social management,charitable organizations in this period participated in the management of social charity relief because of the inadequate capacity of the government to relieve disasters.On the one hand,charitable organizations actively participated in the relief of floods in 1917 and droughts in five northern provinces in 1920.On the other hand,due to the imperfection of the municipal functions of local governments,charitable organizations have also assumed some of these functions.The Tong Ren Fu Yuan Tang,a colleague in Shanghai,assumes the municipal functions of water patrol and disposal of corpses,meeting places of municipal governments,and the Xin Pu Yu Tang assumes the municipal functions of general hospitals and prison hospitals,temporary prisons and maintenance.At the same time,besides cooperation with the government,there are also many conflicts between charities,especially the fight between the Red Cross Society of China and the Beijing government on the issue of private and official affairs lasts for the longest time.During the period of the Beijing Government of the Republic of China,a large number of Beiyang officials and gentry participated in the charitable organizations.They took advantage of their social status,political status and financial advantages to establish and participate in many charitable organizations,including temporary charitable organizations established in various catastrophes,permanent charitable organizations established for social welfare,and so on,which played an important role in the operation of charitable organizations.A number of charitable groups of Beiyang officials and gentry were formed.Whether or not Beiyang officials and gentry set up development charities on their own or on behalf of the government,it will inevitably make the government and charitable organizations have a certain connection.The relationship between Beijing government and charitable organizations in the Republic of China is based on mutual cooperation and mutual needs,supplemented by contradictions and frictions.The close combination of the two has played animportant role in social management and social stability during the period of Beijing government.At the same time,the cooperation of the two promoted the transformation of modern charitable relief methods and provided a reference for the development of charitable relief in the period of Nanjing National Government.