North China 's Rural Leaders And Rural Community Governance In The First Half Of The 20th Century

North China area is a typical area of the Yellow River culture, its low yield and rainfed agricultural characteristics of the disaster and family surname inhabit, several coexist, humanities and social characteristics, led to the rural regime can flow in a few family surname, rather than focus on the one hand, at the same time to the division of land possession as the core of rural economic relations, made a number of strong landlords become the leaders in the country.In the first half of the twentieth century, China rural society has two kinds of rural leader:one is the formal village head, such as Cunzhang,Baozhang and so on. one is informal village head, though not as a village officer, can still dominant rural affairs informal rural leaders, such as the squire. Both the village heads which the control force of the rural society, are the core of the rural community, and on the order of the rural community and standardize management has a significant influence.The election of village leaders, though nominally democratic elections, essentially it is a phantom, mostly in the hands of people with a lot of land. From the objective conditions, the lack of low economic status of the peasants of the land contributed to their character of political apathy; From the subjective conditions, the landlord has strong own the land, the support of the clan, reputation, competence and learning, leisure time, especially the land is the most key capital. The two conditions make them have economic status to seek political dominance. And the other symbolic capitals are on the premise of land capital possession, to make the country leader has sufficient resources to focus on and solve the inside and outside the village affairs, so as to grasp the rural community governance better.In addition, village leaders who have authority core status in the village, can make full use of their advantages of resources to construct the rural society. Internally, village leaders to boycott the heavy tax, charity, transportation, education, dispute resolution, ceremony affairs; Externally, the country leaders with our interests as the core to village relationship management, all of these show they are the leader, who from various aspects to grasp and maintain the overall interests of the individual and the village. So that farmers receive their leadership, unity together, to the village leader, as the leading core rural community governance.In conclusion, the author put the typical villages of the first half of the twentieth century China as investigation object, from the agricultural production conditions and social characteristics, the capita! and selection condition of country leader and the performance of the rural community governance the four aspects to analyze he relations among the land to possess, village leaders and the rural community.In the end,it conclued the village leader is the core of the rural community,and the country leaders’generate is on the premise of land capital occupies. It also continue the existence of the rural community in north China...