A Study On The Scientific Methods In Biology Textbooks Of Early And High School

Scientific method refers to the rules and means used to obtain scientific knowledge. And it is a tool of revealing the nature of the objective world, acquiring new knowledge and exploring the truth.It is not only used as a research method, but also plays an important role in junior high school education. Applying scientific method in biological class cultivates students’ ability of scientific inquiry more efficiently. However, most frontline teachers only pay attention to teaching knowledge, ignoring scientific method in the textbook or confusing about the concept of the scientific method, so that scientific methods rarely involves in biological class and students’ scientific inquiry ability is weak.This paper will review the previous studies and give a clear definition of the scientific method, and analyze junior high school biology textbooks based on curriculum standard (with People’s Education Press as an example). This paper tries to summarize the scientific methods in the textbooks, and research the ways that teachers deeply analyze textbooks to improve the classroom efficiency.This paper firstly studies from the perspective of the theory, defining the concept of the scientific and differentiate the levels of it.Then it parses the junior middle school biology curriculum standards, and compares different junior high school biology textbooks, finding out the presence and frequency of every scientific method, and trying to find out several relatively frequent methods of law and conclude the reasons.After comparing the junior high school biology curriculum standard and junior high school biology textbooks, it is found that the scientific methods involved are mostly general scientific method, universally applicable for other courses.Junior high school biology textbooks mainly focus on the basic biological knowledge and observation method experimental method accounts for a large proportion.Observation method appears frequently at first, then when it gets harder, experimental method diminishes gradually. That’s conform to the students’cognitive regularity. Experimental method and observation method is often used together. The frequency of experimental method has a clear law--diminishing volume by volume. But at the same time, that requires higher abilities of students to think independently, to design experiments.The other textbooks also involve the investigation method, model method, and hypothesis method, most of which appear in grade eight textbooks.With conforming to the students’cognitive law, after students mastering both observation and experimental methods, new and various scientific methods will be presented in the class.Based on the comparison of biology curriculum standard and junior high school biology textbooks, it is found that teaching biology scientific methods helps to significantly improve the biological scientific literacy. Scientific methods are not play an important part in the scientific literacy, but also important tools to learn scientific knowledge. Furthermore, they help to understand the impact that the biological scientific research on our society and daily life.Thus it is a most important means to implement the new curriculum standard and to improve the biological literacy by applying more scientific methods in biology classroom teaching...