A Study On The Relationship Between Goal Orientation, Anxiety And Athletic Performance Of College Students' Rock Climbing Athletes

With the development of economy of our country, common people have become familiar with various outdoor leisure sports. Outdoor maximal exercise, such as the rock climbing, which enable people to get close to nature have been popular. At home, many universities have offered rock climbing course and organized climbing teams. University climbing teams used to focus on the training of skills, physical training and tactics. As the technology of rock climbing is progressing, university climbing teams came to realize the close relationship between athletes" pre-competition psychological state and their sports performance. With the improvement of rock climbing competitiveness, the relationship between athletes’psychological states and sport performance is getting obvious.By the method of psychological measurement, the author selected as test objects 78 university athletes who took part in "The Eleven National University Rock Climbing Championship". Among them, there are 51 boys and 27 girls, ranging from 17 years old to 25 years old. The game is divided into racing, difficulty competition, rock climbing competition items and three groups:the high level athletes and physical culture colleges, ordinary colleges. "Questionnaire Survey of Task Orientation and Self-Orientation" and "Questionnaire Survey of Anxiety in Competition States-2"(CSAI-2 for short) were adopted to measure athletes’goal orientation and pre-competition anxiety and the data, together with the athletes" competition results were added up and analyzed to show the relationship between athletes" pre-competition goal orientation, anxiety and their competition results.The author has found:1. As to the task-oriented athletes, their competition results are better than those of the personal-oriented athletes and the first three top goal-oriented athletes are task-oriented. The scores of task orientation attained by rock climbers are in proportion to their rankings in the competition.2. The marks of task orientation are obviously in proportion to confidence. The rock climbers who have got high marks in task orientation have high levels of confidence. Therefore, confidence is one of the important psychological factors to win a competition.3. In terms of athletes’ pre-competition anxiety, the better sports performance, the higher level of confidence, which has proved that confidence plays a very important role in competitions.4. Levels of athletes" cognitive anxiety are inversely proportional to their rankings in the competition. So the athletes who had better sports performance got lower level of cognitive anxiety. As far as rock climbers are concerned, there is a positive correlation between somatic anxiety and cognitive anxiety and somatic anxiety and cognitive anxiety are supplementary to each other. Those who have better sports performance get lower level of somatic anxiety.5. Top athletes in different groups are comparatively highly confident and the level of confidence is in proportion to the ranking in competition. There is a negative correlation between confidence and somatic and cognitive anxiety.The author brought up some suggestions as follows:know athletes’competitive cognitive traits in advance and organize related psychological training for high anxiety athletes to prevent or lessen athletes’high anxiety before competitions. Adopt effective methods to reduce the levels of anxiety so as to give full play to the competitive level. While psychologists are training athletes or give them psychological aid before competitions, psychologists can enhance the athletes" task orientation levels and lower their personal orientation levels in the method of cognitive adjustment. To sum up, the author thought confidence adjustment and lowering anxiety levels are the key to success. Therefore, it is important to enhance athletes’confidence levels in psychological training.