On The Reform Of History Education In Primary And Middle Schools In The Early Days Of New China (1949-1956)

In 1949, the history education in the primary and middle schools had been changed a lot. From 1949 tol956, with the inheritance of the experience of the China’s Liberated Areas and the Soviet Union in a critical way, the history education in primary and middle schools acquired a completely new outlook after combined the development situation of the new China. In a way, at the preliminary stage of the new China, the reform measures carried out by the government was an inevitable step to the new China, which laid foundation to the development of the primary and middle schools.The text adopts the literature research method and the method of the comparison. Combined with the historical background, the text analyses the methods carried out by the government to reform the textbooks, the teaching outline as well as the teachers in history education of primary and middle schools, from which we can figure out the influence.The history textbooks have an serious effect on the history education. After the establish of the new China, the government selected and rearranged the old textbooks firstly. And then, the People’s Education Press began to compile the new history textbooks. In the guidance of historical materialism, the compilation of the history textbooks worked in concert with the demand of the popularization of Marxism, which could also help the teenagers to bring up the sense of identity to the new China.The history teaching outlines are an important document to implement the history education. At the same time, they are important principle and standard to compile the history textbooks. In 1956, the ministry of education promulgated the first teaching outlines of history education in primary and middle schools. From then on, in the guidance of the new teaching outlines, the history education began to go on the track of standard progress. In the guidance of the Marxism, the new teaching outlines reflected the new direction of the history development. In the meantime, this new teaching outlines were also being influenced by the educational system of the Soviet Model. In the compile of the content, the teaching outlines underlined the politics to cater to the development of the politics and the economy.At the beginning of our new China, in order to change this situation, the government, on th one hand, transformed the teachers’ ideology and built up teacher troops who met thi requirement to devote to the edbiz of the motherland. On the other hand, from teaching idea to teaching method, as well as the reform of the teaching system, the historical materialism, the communism education and socialism education occupied a dominant place in the history education of the primary and middle school.In sum, the transformation made by the new China not only promotes the development of the history education in schools, but also promotes the dissemination of the Historical Materialism in school as well as the society which turns out to be more important. Simultaneously, the history education reform in primary and middle schools acted an important role in molding the students’faith in the communism and socialism as well as the identity with the new China.