Liang Shuming's Educational Thought (1915-1945)

As a famous thinker, educationalist and social activist in modern China, Liang Shuming paid attention equally with his colleague saving the national path's exploration in peril. According to different thinking pattern, they formed a variety of saving the nation ideas. Although having institute difference, those ideas built on the independent prosperous and powerful earnest hoping to the motherland at an early date, having displayed the rich patriotism and strong sense of responsibility of the modern China intellectual. Compared with his contemporary persons, Liang Shuming dedicated his life to thinking deeply about the Chinese question, he paid attention to China education's development by own unique angle of view, unified the education question and Chinese question. But didn't look through colored spectacles, he regarded education as the only way to resolving the Chinese question, and formed his own unique educational thoughts. What needs to point out is that Liang Shuming's educational thoughts in accordance with his thinking at different times on the way to understanding the Chinese question, also had been continuously enriched perfect. Therefore, Liang Shuming also became one of the person to which contemporary scholars paid attention widely. But I think that his educational thoughts are still necessary to research. This paper mainly and systematic discusses Liang Shuming's educational thoughts.Apart from the introduction and conclusions, this paper mainly includes three parts:The first part mainly discusses Liang Shuming's educational thoughts on the formation and evolution of the social background, and his unique understanding of education. The current political situation was the social basis which Liang Shuming's educational thoughts produced in modern China; after the First World War, the changes of Europe and America and other Western countries and which resulted from the ideological reflection of Western circle of thinkers was the external factors of Liang Shuming's educational thoughts. At the same tiame, the formation and evolution of his educational thoughts was relevant to the understanding and design of his oneself concerns with the education and the future of whole country.The second part is about the connotation of Liang Shuming's educational thoughts. According to the different understanding of Liang Shuming about educational thoughts in different periods, this article mainly carries on the elaboration from following three aspects: Firstly, Liang Shuming's scholastic education thoughts, including Liang Shuming was critical about traditional scholastic educaition and modern West educational system, and put forward his own concept of "fusion of Chinese and Western" scholastic education. Second, Liang Shuming's rural education thoughts; which mainly elaborates his big education conception focusing on education as the mainstay, took adult education as most important and lifelong education, which have manifested his consciousness basing on nationality's misery and crisis, being concerned about the farmer hardship and the national future, simultaneously also unfolded Liang Shuming ideal mood attaching importance to ethics friendship and aware individual morals. Third, Liang Shuming's wartime education thoughts; which containing Liang Shuming advocated that reinforcing the public education, implementing the whole people general mobilization, closing down the present regular school and the school, the society, the family unify.The last part mainly discusses the evaluation of Liang Shuming's educational thoughts. First, the recovery function of the circle of thinkers universal existence worships the Western psychology, so-called treatment of the malaise. Second, the influence of Chinese scholastic education and it's trend, achieving the same goal with different means between Liang Shuming took seriously to the initiative and overall development of human being and the contemporary school reform. Especially, Liang Shuming attached importance to the development of rural education and the enhancement of farmer quality, and from which the function profits the reform of rural education. At the same time, as a big education conception, Liang Shuming's educational thoughts is full of human feelings, both originating from excellent tradition culture and being worthy of the outstanding thought which the people inherit and develop.