| Since Reform and Opening, because of the extensive way of economic growth and the ignorance of eco-environmental management, there are many eco-environmental problems happened in Guizhou rural areas and characterized with complex eco-environmental pollution and the degradation of ecological resources. Especially in the ethnic areas in Guizhou, great challenge and pressure have already come up while dealing with eco-environmental problems. Based on the deep learning the real situations in Guizhou rural ethnic areas and the innovative tenet from the government, the present study made an attempt to deal with the bottleneck of administering eco-environment in rural areas from the view of rural sociology in order to promote development in harmony in these areas.The present study reviewed the literatures both from China and other countries and also illustrated some fundamental theories. Two parts in literature review are listed as follows: firstly, analysis the research studies from China and other countries. Considered research studies about the practice of administering eco-environment in America, British, Australia and Japan, some researchers studied innovative theory in the government; others studied how to deal with eco-environmental problems. However, there are few research studies concerning both two of them, especially innovation in specific areas. Secondly, analysis of the research field of rural sociology, the theory of controlling rural social, and the theories of innovation from government and administering eco-environment. All theories emphasize improving legal system about environmental protection through governmental innovation and leading the citizens to be qualified with environmental awareness, to obey laws and regulations about environmental protection, to take part in the environmental supervision and management actively, and to enhance the competence of administering environment. Especially, it is urgent to improve the competence in administering rural eco-environment. The present research studied advantages and disadvantages of administering rural eco-environment in Guizhou ethnic areas. The whole analysis was based on politics, economy, and culture. In terms of the advantages, combination with ethnic autonomy and regional autonomy makes sure that ethnic minorities share the equal rights in the political system and own the autonomic right to administer ethnic affairs. In terms of disadvantages, because of thickness of rural local color, the long-term plan of the strategy of governmental innovation is not sufficient; the inner motivation to innovate is not enough; most of rules in the laws and regulations on environmental protection in Guizhou ethnic minority are too abstract to carry out. The advantages in economy are about developing backbone industries, which emphasizes ecological animal husbandry and tourism in the development of the western region, and developing ecological recycling economy and so forth. However, there are still some disadvantages, for example: the narrow space for the development of industry and agriculture in Guizhou ethnic areas; the badness of agricultural fundamental condition; the lower degree of industrialization in agriculture; the low income of farmers; and the low speed of development. With respect to the advantages in culture, Guizhou is an agricultural province with lots of ethnic minorities. Thus, original cultures inherited from all ethnic minorities contain many contents concerning eco-environmental protection. However, because of the colorful ethnic culture in Guizhou, in terms of building up ethnic culture, re-constructing and imitation emerge apparently.The present research also studied the exploring of constructing the competence of administering rural eco-environment in governmental innovation from Guizhou ethnic areas. Based on governmental innovation in Guizhou ethnic areas and constructing the competence of administering rural ecological environment, the part studied the situation of Kaili in Qiandongnan prefecture and Xiaoyanguan village in Sinan. The study found that in order to make contributions in resource saving and pro-environmental society, the government must enhance its ability of administering eco-environment, pay attention to administering rural eco-environment. As for Kaili in Qiandongnan, the government must emphasize the improvement of the ability of ecological administering based on the system of mountain and water and afforestation in order to build up the ecological net and green barrier. As for Xiaoyanguan village in Sinan, Tongren, the result of the study stated that the work of administering rural eco-environment needs the cooperation from other grassroots organizations. If the awareness of protecting environment of farmers gets improvement, the degree of attention from rural grassroots organization gets enhancement, and the national investment gets increased, a sound and scientific way to protect eco-environment can be found so that a benign cycling can happen during the development of eco-environment and more attentions from society to the constructing rural eco-environment in the less developed rural areas can be paid.Based on the general analysis, finally, the present study proposed an effective way to build up the competence of administering rural eco-environment in terms of governmental innovation in Guizhou ethnic areas. In addition, the study also emphasized developing ecological cycling economy and carrying forward ethnic original culture to build up pro-environment; perfecting the assessment system of local government with the center of green GDP; improving the supervision system for protecting the eco-environmental rights and interests of farmers; enhancing the effort to collocate the elements of human resources in administering eco-environment to the rural areas; strengthening the ability of controlling the society if facing rural emergent eco-environment problems; rising the awareness of societal environment; and finally, perfecting laws and regulations to protect environment. |
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