| Dividing control unit is essential to the planning of water pollution prevention and control of river basin in China, whose purpose is to improve the water quality by making the complex water pollution problems and tasks of planning divided into the control units. The 12th Five-Year-Plan is a critical period for controlling total pollutant load and improving water quality. The requirements of water environment management division and classification have been proposed by Ministry of Environmental Protection. Therefore, it is significant to establish a scientific dividing control units for developping planning goals and implementting planning tasks of Water Pollution Prevention and Control.There are four problems for dividing control unit. First, the control units are lack of system designing, causing a lot of difficulties in implementing the objectives and decomposing the tasks of water pollution prevention plan. Second, the control units demarcation are over-reliance on the existing position owned by state rather than determined by the control units, so the problem of water environment can not be identified accurately. Third, the demarcation of control units only considers the water environment quality, while ignoring the impact of ecological context and economic and social development to water environment. Forth, the demarcation has no linkage to relevant statutory zoning like water demarcation, water function zoning and ecological function zoning. All these factors will influence the reasonability and feasibility of control units division. To solve the problems, this paper proposes a method of dividing control unites, which characterized with bottom-up, multi-scale, classification-based, to safeguard the control units of its reasonability and feasibility.The main research contents and results are as follows:(1) According to water environment planning and management theory, different management needs at different layers and scales from local to central government, this paper proposes a water pollution district system based on control unites, and whose core is three-tier system of basin water pollution control division at national layer, including"Basin, Control District, Control Units". National river basin water pollution prevention plan is worked out in the"Basin"area. The"Control District"are used for clearing and definiting pollution control responsibilities, and the"Control Units"is the key area to prepare and implement the water pollution prevention planning. There are no specific method requirement for partitioning for local, the emphasis is to connect their work to national planning goals and tasks.(2) Based on PSR (pressure - state - response) assessment framework model, the methods and technical routes of control unit demarcation at national level has been raised. According to the management requirements of classification of water environment, the evaluation index system has been built from the four aspects: the background from the natural environment, the water pressure on the environment, water environment status and water environment effect. Using AHP evaluation model to construct evaluation index system to evaluate and analysis the basic unites. The control unites demarcation plan was obtained from the evaluation results.(3) The case study is carried out in Songhua River, the Songhua River basin is divided into three control districts and fifty one control units. To achieve the national management needs, the Songhua River is divided into 3 classes control unites: water quality improvement, ecological protection and pollution prevention. Related guidance policies are proposed as follows: pollution prevention control units to reduce the pollution load, water quality improvement control units to improve the regulatory standards, and ecological protect control units to maintain the ecological environments. |
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