| There are many active ingredients in gardenia fruits, including gardenia oil, gardenia yellow pigment, gardenoside and chlorogenic acid. Gardenia oil is rich in linoleic acid that is a good cooking oil and can be used for treatment of sedative, hypnotism and anticonvulsant pharmaceuticals. Gardenia yellow pigment is a good natural food additive and industrial dye. Gardenoside is used for treatment of liver protection and anti-inflammatory. Chlorogenic acid is of pharmacological actions such as anti-oxidation, inhibiting mutation, clearing free radical and anti-tumor properties. Therefore, the research about multipurpose utilization of gardenia fruits becomes to be a hotpot. The conditions to extracte gardenia oil with petroleum ether were optimized through single factor and orthogonal experiments in this paper. The processes of extraction and fetinement gardenia yellow pigment were studied. In addition, the waste solution to extracte gardenia yellow pigment was reclaimed to separate high value-added gardenoside and chlorogenic acid. It is very important to complex utilization and protect environment. The research results were as follows:1. The optimum conditions to extract gardenia oil were as follows:ligroin with b.p. 90℃～120℃as extraction solvent, extraction temperature 60℃, extraction time 1.5 h, extraction times 2, material and solvent ratio 1:6. The extraction ratio was 99.13%, and the yield was.19.46%.2. The optimum extraction conditions of gardenia yellow pigment, gardenoside and chlorogenic acid were as follows:60% ethanol-water solution as extraction solvent, temperature 60℃, extracting time 1.5 h, extraction times 2 and material and solvent ratio 1:10. The extraction ratio of gardenia yellow pigment was 93.7%, and its color value and OD value was 65.34 and 2.14, respectively. The extraction ratio of gardenoside and chlorogenic acid was 90.9% and 85.72%, respectively.3. The optimum adsorption conditions to refine gardenia yellow pigment by macroporous resin HPD-300 were as follows:the temperature was room temperature; the concentration of sample dissolved by water was 40～80 absorbency at 440nm; the.speed of adsorption was 2 BV/h, and the sample volume to be dealt with was 15 BV. The elution conditions were as follows:the impurities, some gardenoside and chlorogenic acid were eluted with 3 BV de-ionized water firstly, then gardenoside and chlorogenic acid were eluted by 15% ethanol solution with 6 BV-7 BV volume, finally gardenia yellow pigment was eluted by 85% ethanol solution with 3 BV volume at the speed of 1.5 BV/h. After the elution solution was concentrated and dried, the yellow powder was obtained. The rate of gardenia yellow pigment reached 97.24%, the color value of the product was 421.5, and its OD value was 0.23. The HPD-300 resin can be used 5 times repeatedly and its properties was still excellent after regenerateing.4. The optimum separation conditions of gardenoside and chlorogenic acid from the gardenia yellow pigment waste solution were as follows:The wasted solution about 15 BV volume which was concentrated and had the gardenoside and chlorogenic acid was adsorpted at room temperature at the speed of 2 BV/h; and the best desorptive conditions were obtained:Firstly, the impurities was removed with de-ionized water, then the gardenoside was eluted by 35% ethanol solution with pH value 6, finally chlorogenic acid was eluted by 35% ethanol solution with pH value 2. The eluent volume and the speed to desorpte were all 3 BV and 1.5 BV/h, respectively. The collected effluent respectively was concentrated and dried, and faint yellow products, gardenoside and chlorogenic acid, were obtained.In this paper, four high-quality products, such as gardenia oil, gardenia yellow pigment, gardenoside and chlorogenic acid, were obtained by twice two-rate extraction and twice finement with macroporous resin. The results laid good foundation for suitable industrial-scale utilization of gardenia fruit. |
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