Study On The Biological Characters And Pharmacognosy Of Coptis Deltoidea C.Y. Cheng Et Hsiao

Objective: Based on the study of correlation between the features such as the distribution of germplasm resources, the growth and developmental characteristics, the vegetation and community types of the habitat populations, the pollination biology characteristics and the effects of the endogenous hormone on the flower development and the anatomical characteristics of Coptis deltoidea C.Y. Cheng et Hsiao, then the impact of the external environment to its growth, and its intrinsic developmental defects were explored, it laid the basis for the further study on its biological and anatomical characteristics. Also, the contents of Berberine and Palmatine of the different germplasm resources growing at different altitude were compared, and the quality were evaluated, which can provide a reference for the excellent germplasm selection and recovery production of Coptis deltoidea.Method:By the ancient Chinese materia medica and documents consultation, a textual study on the medicinal and cultivation history of Coptis deltoidea was made. National medicine and wild investigation method was used to investigate and analyze the distribution of germplasm resources and the vegetation and community types of the habitat populations of Coptis deltoidea. Based on the theory and some related techniques about the subjects such as Pollination Biology, Plant Anatomy, Chinese Medicine Resources, the growth and development status, the characteristics of asexual reproduction and the reason of the loss of sexual reproduction of Coptis deltoidea were analyzed. The knowledge and experimental techniques of the subjects as Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Instrumental Analysis, Pharmaceutical Analysis were used to analyze the compounds of the different germplasm resources growing at different altitude, by improving chromatographic conditions, the contents of Berberine and Palmatine were determined.Result: Since Huanglian was recorded in the ancient Chinese materia medica books, Coptis deltoidea and C. omeiensis might grow very well in the regions as Ya'an, Yingjing, Jingkouhe of Leshan and Emei Mount in Sichuan Province. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there was clear record that people cultivated Coptis deltoidea in the region. But now people don't cultivate it any more, only a few wild populations can be found in that region, they live as an asexual reproduction way and reproduce by the stolons. But if the secondary forests are damaged or shrubs and herbaceous plants grow among or arround them, the wild populations would not survive. The flowering of Coptis deltoidea is normally at first, but most of the inflorescences wither later, only a few of them can fructify and seed. And the seeds can not germinate. The breeding system is facultative hybridization. Most of the pollen grains are broken and dysplasia. The lateral bud on the lower side of the mixed bud has been formed in the bud stage, pericyclic fibers in the stolon (the vegetative propagation branch) shaped like a cap, and all the shaped-caps nearly form a ring, stone cells can be found in the cortex and pith of the rhizome, the formation of these characteristics may be associated with its acclimatization. HPLC analysis show that there was a large discrepancy of the contents of Berberine and Palmatine of the different germplasm resources growing at different altitude, the germplasm resources live at 1700～ 2000m are more higher than others.Conclusion:The region as Ya'an, Yingjing, Jingkouhe of Leshan and Emei Mount in Sichuan Province was the distribution center of Huanglian since it was recorded. The botanical origins are Coptis deltoidea and C. omeiensis. and the cultivation history of Coptis deltoidea could be traced back to the later period of the Ming Dynasties. This enriches the contents of Chinese materia medica of Huanglian. With the historical changing process, now people don't cultivate it any more, only a few wild populations can be found in the tradition region, but with deterioration of the ecological environment of the habitat populations, the wild populations would not survive. Coptis deltoidea is being endangered. So, more action of management and protection should be put to preserve our scarcity germplasm resources. Coptis deltoidea can bloom normally, but the dysplasia of its pollen grains make it cannot form seeds. This is a internal risk factor. And the cause to the pollen grains abortion should have a further research. The characteristic that the stolon makes an asexual reproduction shows that if something is wrong in the development process of the flower bud, Coptis deltoidea will adjust it and can develop the lateral bud to complete its reproduction. Pericycle fibers in the stolon nearly forming a ring is a secondary character that is usefull for the extension of the terminal bud of the stolon and finding a suitable point to develop. HPLC analysis indicates that altitude have great influence on the accumulation of the protoberberine alkaloid in the rhizome of Coptis deltoidea. the optimum altitude for the populations growing is 1700～2000m. In a certain sense, this proves that predecessors only cultivated Coptis deltoidea at 1700～2200m was based on science.