Study On Solid-state Fermentation Of Distilled Grain With Different Pretreatments By Phanerochaete Chrysosporium

In this article, three trials were conducted to study the effects of different pretreatment methods on lignin degraded by Phanerochaete chrysosporium in distilled grains(DG) and evaluated the influence of the nutritional value and utilization by different processing metohds.Exp 1, Comparison of lignin degradation of different pretreatment methods by Phanerochaete chrysosporium in DG. DG were formulated to contain four granularity (not crushed,30 mesh,60 mesh,100 mesh), and four ammoniated urea concentrations (0%,4%,6% and 8%) by a 4×4 factorial arrangement,a total of 16 treatments with three replicates. Samples were treated by Phanerochaete chrysosporium for 20 days after pretreated as desinged. The results showed that:Phanerochaete chrysosporium could degrade lignin and cellulose in the DG,the degradation rates were 4.11% and 17.27 respectively.The CELD/ADLD was 4.2. As the particle size increasing, ADL degradation first increased and then decreased,the highest rate for lignin degradation reached at 60 mesh(17.26%). Its CELD/ADLD was 2.79.The same rule with the amination concentration. the highest rate for lignin degradation reached at 4%(10.26%). Its CELD/ADLD was 1.81. The ADL degradation was higher in combination of the two processing methods(compund methods) (P<0.05), in which the maximum degradation rate of ADL is 33.85% of 60mesh+4% amination concentration+Phanerochaete chrysosporium fermentation, and its CELD/ADLD was 1.45. These results indicated that the combination of microbial fermentation and physical and chemical prcossing methods could not only improve ADL degradation,but also to ruduece the loss of CEL. Of which the best method was 60mesh+4% amination concentration+Phanerochaete chrysosporium fermentation.Exp 2, The effects of different processing metohds on rumen fermentation of Xuhan beef was studied. Three ruminally fistulated Xuhan beef of similar body weight of (312.5±23.85) kg were used in this experiment to provide rumen fluid. The experiment used the method of artificial rumen aerogenesis to study on the aerogenesis content of the fermented DG(including 60mesh,4%amination concentration and combination of the two processing methods) and the DG which did not fermented(the same as fermented) in 20 days at 2h,4h,6h,8h,12h,24h,48h,72h and the information of fermentation parameter about pH,NH3-N,MCP and VFA after fermentation. In total of 8 treatments, each treatment with 5 replicates. The results showed that:compared with the unfermented DG(CK), the gas production and dry matter disappearance rate of direceted fermented DG(PF) was improved (P> 0.05).There was no significant difference between CK and PF in all in vitro indicators(P>0.05). While, the theoretical maxiumum gas production(A) and gas production rate (c) were improved through crushing,anmmination and the compund processing method(P<0.01). The compound processing method(60 meshcrushing+4% amination+fermentation; CAPF) was proved to be the best in A and c (P<0.01). The concentrations of total volatile fatty acids and propionic acid were higher (P<0.05) but the ratio of acetic acid/propionic acid was lower (P<0.01) in treatment 60mesh+fermentation(CPF)-.4%amination+fermentatio(APF) and CAPF than in treatment PF. Treatment APF and CAPF tended to have a higher ammonia content (P＜O.05). The content of microbial protein (P＜O.05) and gas production(GP) (P＜O.01) was the highest in treatment CAPF. It conclued that crushing,amination and the compound processing method improved rumen fermentation characteristics. The compound processing method was more effective in upgrading the rumen fermentation characteristics and GP of DG.Exp 3,the effects of processing metohds on rumen degradation of DG in Xuanhan beef was studied. Three beef fisted cannulas were used to investigate the effects of different processing metohds (same as Exp 2) on degradability of DM,CP,NDF,ADFn ADL about 3h,6h,12h,24h,48h,72h in rumen by using nylon bag method. There were 8 treatments and each treatment had six repeats. Results from the experiment showed that the PF degradability of DM,NDF,CEL,ADL and CP were 40.63％,28.88%,31.83% and 70.38% respectively. While, the degradability of nutrient in 72h were improved through processing pretreatment.The highest degradation of DM,NDF,CEL were 64.58%,59.04%,72.52,in treatment CAPF, while the highest degradation of CP was 88.55%in treatment APF.After Phanerochaete chrysosporium fermentation, the rapid degradation parts(a)of DM was significantly increased in CPF (P<0.05); the slow degradation parts(b) of DM was significantly increased in APF (P＜0.05); the rapid degradation parts and slow degradation parts of DM were significantly higher than unfermentation(P<0.05). While, the degradation rate(c) was no significant difference(P>0.05). The a and b of NDF and CEL were no significant difference between fermentation and unfermentation(P>0.05).While, the degradation rate of NDF and CEL in CPF,APF and CAPF improved significantly than unfermentation DG(P<0.05).The degradation kinetics of compound processing method were the best in all.In conclusion, amination and Phanerochaete chrysosporium fermentation improved the nutritional value of DG. Compared with PF, crushing and amination processing methods helped to improve the degradation of ADL by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. The degradation of ADL was improved significantly and the cellulose loss was reduced. The biggest influence on ADL degradation was crushing particle size. The combination of microbial fermentation and physical and chemical prcossing methods improved the rumen fermentation characteristics. The degradation of DM improved,it dued to the improvement of rapid degradation parts(a) and slow degradation parts(b); the degradation of NDF and CEL significantly increase was mainly due to the degradation rate accelerated(c).The rumen fermentation characteristics and degradation characteristics of CAPF were the best in all.