Monitoring And Evaluation Of Soil And Water Conversation On Railway Projects

The loss of soil and water is one of the main environmental problems in China. Alongwith the expansion of the scope and enhancement of extent for human construction activities,the core issues of soil and water loss has been away from the traditional agriculture area toconstruction and exploitation projects. Therefore how to curb the loss of soil and water causedby construction and exploitation activities has become one of the most important contents ofsoil and water conservation. Soil and water conservation monitoring in construction andexploitation projects is both an important part for water and soil conservation work and thefoundation of supervision and management of soil and water loss. With the characteristics oflong line, big scale, more time to finished, more excavation and threw of earthwork and moredisturbance of land surface, railway project makes the soil and water loss a serious problem,and the monitoring and management of soil and water loss become more important. Thisarticle is based on the soil and water conservation monitoring and evaluation of the railwayprojects for second phase of expansion of Shuanghuai power plant. In the research, weestablelished a reasonable index system of soil and water conservation monitoring for railwayprojects, and we analyzed the influence factors and level of soil and water loss in constrictionactivities. According to the Railway Projects for Second Phase of Expansion of ShuanghuaiPower Plant, we investigated how to determine the layout of positions, the time period and thefrequency of soil and water conservation monitoring, and then we analyzed the results. Ourresearch can provide real-time information for the construction unit and supervisiondepartment, and it can provide beneficial references for soil and water conservationmonitoring of railway projects. Our results are as follows:(1) The establishment of the index system for soil and water conservation monitoring ofrailway project: it can be divided into four parts: the investigation in background of soilerosion, soil erosion conditions, soil erosion hazards and soil and water conservationmeasures. There are4index kinds,25index sub-kinds, and90indexes in all.(2) The characteristics of soil and water loss of railway projects are as follows: the watererosion occurs primarily with the occurrence of mass erosion; soil and water loss mainly occurs in the construction period; Soil erosion intensity is seriously different for differentprevention districts, soil and water loss of abandoned dreg sites and earth cutting sites aremuch more serious.(3) According to the engineering project layout, construction method, the sequence ofconstruction and so on, a railway project can be divided into5monitoring districts: The mainproject monitoring district, abandoned dreg sites monitoring district, earth cutting sitesmonitoring district, construction road monitoring district and camps monitoring district. Inour research, we put forward the principle of monitoring stations arranged, and determinedthe positions of monitoring stations, Monitoring method, monitoring session and monitoringfrequency of the5monitoring districts.(4) According to the analysis results of impact factors of soil and water loss inconstruction period, we got some conclusions. Runoff coefficient is influenced by slopematerial composition, slope, vegetation conditions on slope, rain fall intensity and duration,soil and water conservation measures. And so is the soil erosion of unit area. But the maindifferent lies in which slope material composition affects the runoff coefficient more. As forthe rocky slope when hardening or higher degrees, runoff coefficient will be higher and soilerosion of unit area can be lower. The main factor affecting unit area of soil erosion isvegetation coverage when the rainfall intensity is low (moderate rain), but when the rainfallintensity is high (heavy rain, rainstorms), the effections that vegetation coverage takes on aunit area of soil erosion will decrease significantly.(5) Real-time monitoring results show that: the water and soil loss preventionresponsibility area of this project is55.07hm~2, excavation quantity is886200m~3, fill capacityis819900m~3, interval allocate quantity is76300m~3, debit quantity is366700m~3, abandonquantity is364000m~3.According to the monitoring results, along with the construction of theproject and the layout of soil erosion prevention measures, the area of soil and water lossgradually decreased. However, the main bulk of soil and water loss of the project is heavy,The bulk of soil and water loss in main project monitoring district is less than the other4monitoring districts, which present a moderate or strong levels.(6) Monitoring results indicate the perturbation land improvement rate is95.34%, andBlock dreg rate is97.66%, achieving the prevention target value. The treatment of soil erosionarrives64.31%, the proportions of soil erosion controlling are10.65%, the rate of grasscoverage is16.39%and the rate of grass coverage is46.13%, which did not achieve the targetvalue.(7) Monitoring results of the harm of soil and water loss indicate: The construction of therailway engineering has a negative effect on the production and life of nearby residents, as well as the peripheral ecological system structure and function.