Study On The Influence Factors Of Self-confidence Development And Behavior Problems Of Children Aged 3-6 Years

Objective:Self-confidence is an important part of personality, which is the important psychological quality. Preschool stage is the key period of personality development and the important period of the self-confidence development. Children's self-confidence develops gradually in interpersonal interactions, and is affected by the internal qualities and external environment. Children's behavior problems are comprehensive affected by biological, psychological and social factors. Preschool stage is an outbreak period of independent exploratory behavior, but also the key period of guiding children's behavior and establishing behavior habits. At present, domestic study of children's self-confidence and its influence factors are lack; In addition, the relationship between self-confidence, as one of children's psychological traits, and children's behavior problems also is seldom reported domestically. Based on the research about the influence of preschoolers psychological development basic factors such as gender, age, temperament, etc, this topic focus on family environment factors in preschoolers affecting self-confidence development and children's behavior problems; Meanwhile it was trying to explore the relationship between children's self-confidence and children's behavior problems for the further research and to provide the basis of the practice of promoting children self-confidence development and preventing children's behavior deviation.Methods:464 pre-school children selected from 4 cities were investigated with stratified sampling methods. Self-designed family demographic information questionnaire,3-7 years old children Chinese Preschool Temperament scale (CPTS),3-6 years old children family nurture environment scale, the teacher's questionnaire on children's self-confidence, children's behavior checklist (CBCL) was applied as assessment tools,fulfiled by Kindergarten teacher and children's parents on site of kindergarten to evalue family nurture environment, children's temperament and self-confidence level and children behavior problems. After material was unified checked, database was created with Epidata software, then it was statistically analyzed by t test, variance analysis, and correlation analysis etc with software SPSS 13.0.Results:The girls'self-confidence was higher than the boys'of 3-6 years old. Children's self-confidence level increased accordingly with age growing. There was certain degree of correlation among the self-confidence levels and some temperament dimensions including approach/withdrawal, adaptability, persistence, intensity of response, and threshold of response. And there was also certain degree of correlation among the self-confidence levels and some home nurture environment scale factors including language/cognition, warm feelings, adaptation, diverse activities, and atmosphere. The family income, parental career were not correlated with children's self-confidence. Parental education had small correlation with children's self-confidence. The boy had higher score than the girl about thinking problems and disciplinary problems in children's behavior questionnaire. Children's retreat, aggression and external problem factor scores decrease with age. Family type was not correlated with children's behavior problems. Children whose mother's occupation is executive staff had significantly lower behavior score than those whose mother is peasant, worker, self-employed and the other people. Children whose father's occupation is executive staff and other personnel had lower behavior score than those whose father is peasant, workers and self-employed. The children behavior problems score between different temperament types was different. Multiple comparisons showed that easy type children had lower behavior score than those difficulty type and slow-to-warm-up type. The social adaptive factors, diverse activities factors in family nurture environment were obviously correlated with the children's retreat problems, social problems, attention problems, aggression problems. Ignorance/interference factor was correlated with anxiety depression, social problems, attention problems, aggression problems. Family atmosphere was correlated with the social problems, attention problems and aggression problems. Children's confidence factors had no correlation with children's other behavior problems, except self-efficacy, self-expression and confidence total score had weak correlation with children's retreat behavior problems.Conclusions:Children's self-confidence develops very rapidly in preschool age. Children's self-confidence development and behavior problems are influenced by individual internal biological factors such as gender, age, and psychological factors such as temperament and external home nurture environment factors. Respecting the influential factors of the self-confidence development, girls'self-confidence is higher than boys'. Some temperament dimensions including approach-withdrawal, adaptability, persistence, intensity of response, threshold of response etc exist certain effect. In family environment factors, providing children with rich language cognitive stimulation, good parent-child relationship, letting the children self-care, letting the children theirself overcome difficulties and solve problems, giving the children the opportunities of making their own decisions, the diverse activities, more opportunities to play together with other children, variety of cognitive exploration activities can play a positive role on the development of children's self-confidence. Parental education and family type only have faint influence on children's self-confidence, parental occupation and family income has no effect on children's self-confidence. In children's behavior problems aspects, the boys'score about thinking problems and disciplinary problems is higher than girls'; Children's retreat, aggression and external problems decrease with age. Difficult type and slow-to-warm-up type temperament children have obviously higher behavior problems score than easy type children; Children's activity levels, adaptability and persistent has obvious correlation with children's attention and aggression problems. In family nurture environmental aspects, children have less behavior problems in the families with higher income and higher education of parents. The children, whose parental occupation is executive staff have less retreat, anxiety depression, social problems, thinking problem, attention problems, aggression problems, internal behavior problems than those whose parental occupation is worker and peasant, the self-employed and other staff. Also, letting the children self-care, letting the children theirself overcome difficulties and solve problems, giving the children the opportunities of making their own decisions, the diverse activities, more opportunities to play together with other children, variety of cognitive exploration activities can have positive role on reducing children's retreat, social problems, attention problems, aggression behavior problems; On the contrary, ignorance or interference, too limitation to children increase anxiety depression, social problems, attention problems and aggression behavior problems. In the relationship among children's self-confidence and behavioral problems, expect a weak influence on children's retreat behavior problems, children's self-confidence has no influence on children's other behavior problems.