The Evolving Of CPC's Policy Towards America The Day Before Establishment Of New China

Due to encountering the new situation that the failing of KMT had come to stay and the CPC have been about to establish and dominate the Chinese regime in KMT-CPC civil war from the second half year in 1948 to the day before the establishment of the new China, the American government even tried to contact with the CPC and changed the old policy to the KMT through carrying out double tactic to support Li Tsong-jen rising to authority and treating with the CPC for the peace, for the purpose of controlling and effecting the developing tendency of Chinese state. Though the CPC wished to relate with the American government and to develop mutual relationship all the time, especially had a burning desire to obtain the assistance from America and to be admitted in politics by foreign in the condition that the new China would set up soon, and tried their best to express these desires through some channel, they made some change on the policy to America after occupying Nanjing in April 1949; but because the American government always took the policy supporting and assisting the KMT, were hostile to communism, even didn't want to admit the new China and dealt with it by the method of suppressing, hindering and destroying, the leaders of CPC, such as Mao ZeDong, starting from the sovereign principle, finally selected the "lean to one side" policy as mainly diplomacy policy during the forthcoming establishment of new China through multiple balance and consideration on the strategic pattern that the two camp leaded by America and Soviet had conducted the cold war and been on opposability for suiting the necessary of practice and reaching the new China's future bright prospects, and confirmedly carried out, resulted in the aspect becoming opponent with America, disengaging each other and withstanding for a long time, until China and the United States established diplomatic relations 70 years. The changing course of CPC' policy towards America was divided into three stage:The first, during the late stages of the War of Resistance against Japan, the CPC in view of America's position as a power and the goal of protecting to peace of the world together, raised the policy to cooperate with America, and came into being some touching with it through popular and official ways. But the failure of Hurley to China and Marshall Mediation made CPC bring out bad impression to America. The second, from three decisive strategic engagement had started in autumn 1948, the CPC attained the dominance on the battlefield and priority of war situation, called to carry the revolution through to the end, hadn't impending desire to touch with America and were watching out for America's double tactics. The leaders of CPC represented by Mao Zedong recognized the changing horse trick of America after stepping down at the Chiang Kai-Shed, exposed and criticized the plot of illusive negotiation strongly. Facing various pressures exerted by American government, the CPC mainly depended on the principle of being on own master and standing on their own feet, but for the purpose of opening up, at the same time of negotiating to KMT, the CPC revised their tactics ago on economy and expressed the wish to trade with western countries. The third, after occupying Nanjing, due to facing new situation and the compositive background home and abroad, the CPC hoped to set up diplomatic relation with America and other western countries and made some expressing. America felt the change of the CPC policy and let Stuart stay at Nanjing to try to touch with CPC. During this time Stuart made three talks with Huang Hua, the CPC's representati. They investigated some topic that CPC developed the relation with America together, and when receiving the request of visiting Beijing asked by Stuart, Mao Zedong and other CPC's leader made reply to answer and invited Stuart to up north with open arms. But American government finally vetoed the trip of Stuart to Beijing. It made the emotion of CPC to America injured badly and And these efforts were failing finally. The fact proved that the realistic possibility that the CPC developed friendly relation to America was inexistent at that time and it suffered seriously restricting of power and factor at home and abroad. By other ways, they had made definite probe and touching. The forth, the CPC dispatched Liu Shaoqi to interview Soviet after they had got no result from the probe with America, and was closed to Soviet Union. It forced the CPC have to select the "lean to one side" policy as main diplomatic policy and published it formally. However, this moment the CPC didn't stop up the door to develop relation with America, and the passing on a message through Chen Mingshu exemplified the CPC's sincerity to develop friendly relation with America and other western countries. But it still couldn't be understood by America government. Then for the political need, the CPC mobilized the movement to criticize the American white paper and the relation between China and America was worsen and even broken off from that time. They became antagonist and it continuously reached to the time of seventies later. The altering process of the CPC's policy to America ultimately left a great pity in history and brought deep thinking to later generations. Limited by specifically history condition at that time, there wasn't some "lost opportunity", but if the CPC and America show the good subjective desert to establish friendly relation through material measure and take consistent step to form effective meeting point, then at least the rivalry between them could be avoided. We should clearly remember and draw the experience and lesson from it, try hard to develop up-to-date Sino-US relations, and be unlikely to leave some regretting again.