The Reform In Anhui Agriculture In The Late Qing Dynasty (1895-1911)

China has always been founded on agriculture, agricultural production is highly developed. After the Opium War, China was hit by "thousands of years without the change in the situation", the developing trend of society had some deeply changes, in addition to wars, disasters, and other plunder by the government, the traditional agricultural production was declined. At the same time, Qing government is difficult to deal with the foreign powers, the situation of the cede territory and pay indemnities, humiliating happened frequently, and the national crisis were unprecedently grave. At the end of The nineteenth century and beginning of Twentieth century, the outbreak of a spate of Sino-Japanese war and Eight-out war of aggression not only further intensified the national crisis, but also greatly increased the financial crisis of the Qing government. In order to alleviated the unprecedented national crisis, reversing the declining of agricultural production, and increasing revenue, the Qing government begin to pay more attantion to western advanced technology for developing the agriculture. In particular, the Hundred Days Reform in 1898 and the "New Deal" in 1901, the Qing government put out a series of laws and innovations which on the basis of political system in China and West to renovate agricultural production, and request to execute orders throughout the country. Anhui Government implemented these laws and initiatives seriously and these laws has great influence on the development and progressionof Anhui agriculture. This article is divided into four parts:The first part is the introduction part, the main contents of the part are the purport of the selection of the subject, the history and the academic front, the definition of the study life, significance, research methods, research and data sources.The second part is the analysis of the background ofagricultural reform, the body of the first chapter. First, the reason for agricultural reform of the government of Anhui do not divide with the development conditions of Anhui agriculture. The Agriculture in Anhui Province were greatly damaged since the Taiping troops into Anhui. The low level of agricultural production technology also led to the contraction. Meanwhile, for the proliferation of opium, opium poppy cultivation in Anhui Province expand rapidly, and take up a lot of farmland and farm power. However, with the penetration of the foreign capitalist economy, some agricultural economy with the commodity developed to some extent. However, some agricultural economy with the commodity get into a scrape, and the production was reversing. Second, the reform is inseparable from the attitude of the Qing government. After 1895, the Qing government began to command and urged continued the governors that to revitalized agriculture, and developed the agricultural production.The third part is the specific measures of agricultural reform, the body of the second chapter to fourth chapter. The Anhui Government take some measures in accordance with the development conditions of Anhui Agriculture by the orders of a variety of agricultural reform in the Qing government. First, the Anhui Government set up special institutions to promoted and supervised the agricultural production. According to the the situation of much of the waste mountains and lands within Anhui province, the Anhui government vigorously check the wasteland, and encourage reclamation, extend industrial crops and promote establish the Farm companies, and try to revitalized the agricultural production. In order to jointed the society, open the social conduct, the Anhui government supported and founded farmers'association.At the same time, the government launch a large-scale water conservancy project, and ban opium poppy sharply. For improve the technology of agricultural production, develop Liyuan, Anhui government also nurtured new talent in agricultural technology, and test and research the modern agricultural technology, and introduced advanced agricultural technologies and agricultural crops.The fourth part is the dialectical view on agricultural reform, and summed up the effectiveness and limitations of agricultural reform. Anhui Agricultural reform lasted a decade, and has achieved some success, promote the progress and development of Anhui Agriculture. But in this process there are also many constraints, these constraints resulting in limited effectiveness of the reform, and can not achieve even greater results.