Studies On The Movement Of Civil Diplomacy During The Period Of "Twenty-one Demands"

"Twenty-one Demands" was the first step which Japanese imperialism attempted to subjugate China. It was the most demanding of treaty in modern Chinese history. Just when the First World War waged fiercely, Japan forced the government of Yuan Shikai to obey a diplomacy secret which the Japanese could have the privilege on politics and economy in China.Japan wanted to blind Chinese people by extorting and cheating. The Japanese's aggression in China aroused the patriotic sentiments. All estates united together and became a nationwide patriot league. Because the patriotic waves of Chinese people brought pressure to bear on Japan, it made the government of Yuan Shikai had the confidence to negotiate with the Japanese. During this period, the national diplomacy presented a character of the link between the preceding and following. It also raised the curtain on the movements of national diplomacy under the reign of northern warlordsBased on the process of the Sino-Japanese negotiation, this thesis falls into three stages:forepart,metaphase and anaphase. The forepart of the negotiation was from January 7,1915 which China's Foreign Ministry abolished the Shandong war zone to February 2,1915 which Sino-Japanese began to negotiate round the "Twenty-one Demands". In this period, the national diplomacy was presented on the discussion of the press. The metaphase was about the process of the negotiation which from February 2,1915 to April 26,1915. In this stage, the national diplomacy was presented on the several of Chinese people's patriotic activities. The anaphase of the negotiation was from the end of the palaver to sigh the treaty. In this period, the national diplomacy was presented on the reaction of the ultimatum by the Japanese and the Chinese people's reflection.