A Research On Fang Gongqian

When it comes to poem creation, Fang Gongqian had special position and influence among the exile-poets living in North-east China in Early Qing Dynasty. He lived through the dynasty-change from Ming to Qing Dynasty, became an official having bright future in the latter kingdom, but been exiled suddenly to Ningguta Towel because of the case about imperial examination. Three years in Ningguta Towel strengthened his will and enlightened his wisdom of life, thus gave rich materials to his poem writing. He was very outstanding among the exiles for the colorful contents and subject matter in his poetry. This paper, focusing on his poetry and disposing him in the social background of politics, society, history and culture during Later Ming and Early Qing Dynasty, will discuss objectively his literature achievement, family, life, poetic theory, social intercourse and poem creation based on the former study results, and after that will analyze his position and influence in literature history of Early Qing Dynasty. There are four parts in this article as follow:The first part is his family and life. By this research, we can present his family background and life experience which help us understand deeply Fang Gongqian in every aspect;The second part is poetic theory. Fang Gongqian held that poems should amuse one's life, express true emotion without stringed by others, and more, his attached much importance to knowledge and social reality in poem writing. So he thought high of Du Fu man of letter in Tang Dynasty;The third part is poetry cerebration. Fang Gongqian had two poetry collections called Heloujuji and Suanji. Through the analysis of his poetry we can comprehend the rich contents and changeable ideal appearing in his collections. He was a representative that unfold in whole the life and emotion of those exiles in the period of exiling travel, living in Ningguta Tawel and back home after being remitted.The forth part is poetic characteristic and position. His poems, in one hands, combining expressing true mood straightly and showing emotion by scenery tactfully, has heavy and sorrow images and colorful artistic style, while in the other hands, gets fresh unadorned language that describes scenery vividly. His distinct poetic theory and deep intension in poetry established his position in the literature history in Early Qing Dynasty.