Discussion On The Thought Of Marx's Historical Self-Conscious

In this paper, I am making a brief analysis of the historical consciousness of Marxist, and trying to describe the theory concerning to Marxism in terms of Marxist's historical consciousness. Besides, I will give a clear position to the historical consciousness, and affirm the great contribution of the historical consciousness to the Marxism. Marx made an important conclusion:replacing capitalism with socialism and the establishment of the socialist system make the history of mankind enter into a new period of self-conscious creation to their own history from spontaneous society. Spontaneity and consciousness are two different ways in the development of human society, which both play a crucial role in the development of human history. Hayek's concept of spontaneous order gave spontaneity a very important role in the development of social history. In his view, compared with the artificial social order, the spontaneous social order made the social content in the process of social development richer, made those scattered individual's knowledge be more fully mastered and used, so that everyone could be developed more freely. Hayek's neo-liberalism ideology caused a great response in the west. Of course, there are some many critics, especially the great differences from Marx. Marx did not completely deny the spontaneous order, but located the different position of spontaneity. In his view, the capitalist market economy in the spontaneous state created great productivity for the development of human society, which can not be compared by any social forms in the past, it is evident to everyone. However, the capitalist commodity economy in the spontaneous state has shown a history process similar to the nature of process, and the social production has shown the blindness, disorder beyond the control of the human subject. However, in Marx's view, this particular phenomenon is only transitional, temporary historical stage, it is not an eternal form. Spontaneity will certainly be beyond by the "conscious, planned and systematic form", and continue to be consciousness. Thus, the human consciousness plays a very important role in the production activities of human. Of course, in Marx, human subject consciousness has a level of division. This paper mainly makes a distinction between the individual consciousness and historical consciousness, and describes in detail the major contribution of historical consciousness to Marxist theory. Marx's historical consciousness is the unification of the individual consciousness and the historical inevitability. Besides, it is the unification of Marxist historical materialism's regularity and purpose, not only embodies the restriction to the activities of human practice from laws of history, but also emphasizes human subjectivity of historical subject in the historical development, which provides a new perspective to correctly understand the Marx's historical determinism. As a dynamic and dialectical theory, Marx's historical consciousness lays the foundation to achieve the nature of freedom and consciousness, and provides a theoretical basis for the implementation of the human freedom in a real sense. Finally, the communist society conceived by Marx is the society of historical consciousness, which presents the unification of human ideals and historical reality. Historical consciousness makes the communist society not only beyond the utopian socialism, but also have a solid historical foundation in reality. In the end, the development of human history continues to go from "realm of necessity" to "realm of freedom". This paper is divided into four parts, using the method of combination of history, discussion and evaluation. The first part divides the spontaneity, self-awareness and other concepts associated with them, giving a clear position to the spontaneity and consciousness; The second part describes the basic content of historical consciousness, starting by the distinction between individual consciousness and historical consciousness to define the concept of historical consciousness, affirming the status of historical consciousness in the historical materialism, and mastering the Marx's historical determinism in terms of historical consciousness; The third part of the analysis of the relationship between consciousness and freedom affirms the foundation status of historical consciousness for the implementation of the nature of freedom and consciousness; The fourth part first affirms the historical consciousness's contribution to the construction of "free people", ultimately provides the basis for the realization of the communist society of historical consciousness.