A Study Of Marx And Engels' View Of Fairness

Fairness is an important studying subject in the human history of thoughts and it owns an eternal meaning in pursuit of basic norms and value in human society; meanwhile, it is a lofty ideal of Marxism. Marx and Engels's view of fairness is a substantial part of the theory of Marxism.Firstly, the thesis combs the development of Marx and Engels'thought of fairness and its logic of history. Then, through the summary of its kernel and basic features, the thesis newly shows the Inner Meaning of Marx and Engels'view of fairness. The development of their view of fairness is closely related to the transformation of world outlook and the establishment of historical materialism. Marx and Engels'view of fairness had experienced a concrete historical development. That was the criticism and inheritance firstly from early idealists'view of fairness then to the old materialists'view of fairness and finally came the historical materialism view of fairness which was newly developed in the later years of Marx and Engels. Therefore, the thought of Marx and Engels'equality on nations, ideas of "Liberation of Women" in Engels'later life and view of fairness consisted in Marx and Engels'view of nature were all came into being.The essential meaning and inner connotation of fairness was exhibited by Marx and Engels from the point of practice. They considered that fairness was a category of morality and law; its property and content was decided by a certain social economy; The proletariat's aspiration after the realization of fairness is the elimination of classes and states and the final aim is to secure everyone's overall free development. Therefore, basic requirements of Marx and Engels'view of fairness is the thorough ruins of classes and states and the unification of everyone's rights and duties on equalityAt the same time, although Marxism view of fairness was produced in the 19th century, its influence on the contemporary era is insurmountable. It provides the only scientific theory and methodology in analyzing and solving the problems of fairness in present age. It also provides a "Critical Weapon" in analyzing the present liberalism fairness and in criticizing the unfair social system and phenomena. So, how to understand Marx and Engels'view of fairness correctly and "what Marx's ideas of fairness was" has become the study and dispute topic of contemporary western political philosophy. The present western scholars'discussion about whether there exists a view of fairness of Marx and Engels or not and what their views of fairness are like has brought out a huge thought debate in western idea trend of "Analyzing Marxism". There are mainly two thoughts:"Marx's support on justice" and "Marx's against on justice". However, the author holds the view that the inner divergences in the discussion of Marx and Engels'view of fairness in the idea trend of "Analyzing Marxism" betrayed Marxism scientific criticizing spirit. They did not understand correctly the methodology of Marx and Engels'analysis and criticism on view of fairness---the spiritual essence of historical methodology. Therefore, when studying the related thought of Marx and Engels'view of fairness, we should criticize correctly the disputes on Marx and Engels'view of fairness within the "Analyzing Marxists".