The Survey Of Youth Risk Behavior And An Exploration On Diathesis Stress Model

Objective: (1)To investigate the prevalence of six groups of youth risk behaviors and the psychological characteristics of mental disorder before the clinical status among secondary school students in Suzhou; (2)To examine the feature of impulsive, sensation seeking and aggressive?hostile personality characteristics in risky youth, and the relationship between negative life events, family environment and youth risk behaviors; (3) to explore risk/protective psychosocial factors and the diathesiss-stress model of risk behavior in adolescents.Methods: (1) According to the stratified random sampling method,we selected 1,486 students at three middle schools in Suzhou. All students finished the assessment of the Risky Behavior Questionnaire for Adolescent(RBQ-A), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), NEO Five-Factor Inventory Neuroticism sub-test (NEO-FFI-N), Zuckerman?Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ), Family Environment Scale (FES-F), Adolescent Life Event Scale (ASLEC) and Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4+ (PDQ-4+). (2) We randomly selected 600 high school students who have finished the questionnaire assessment to exame their neurological soft signs. All data were entried using EpiData3.1 software, and SPSS 17. 0 and AMOS17.0 statistical package were applicated for data statistical analysis.Results: (1) The six groups of risk behaviors are prevalent in adolescents, the rate of unhealthy diet and/or lack of physical activity was 61.13%, smoking and/or alcohol excessive consumption behavior was 20.70%, breach of discipline and/or illegal behavior was of 18.52%, aggressive and/or violent behavior was 16.06%, suicide and/or self-injurious behavior was of 12.39%, and unprotected sex behavior was 3.03%; Youth personality disorder positive rate was 5.06%~16.69%, while the positive rate of neurological soft signs was between 0.35% and 32.93%; (2) The incidence and frequency of aggression and/or violence, breach of discipline and/or illegal, smoking and/or excessive alcohol consumption and unprotected sex behaviors of boys was significantly higher than girls (p<0.01); the frequency of female suicide and/or self-injurious behavior was significantly higher than males (p<0.01), while the incidence of which was no significant gender differences. There are some differences in the incidence and frequency of risk behaviors of the grade, family background, socio-economic status and subjective socio-economic status; (3)The scores of impulsiveness, neuroticism, impulsive sensation seeking, aggressive-hostility, negative life events and family conflicts in high-risk group were significantly higher than the control group, and family cohesion scored was significantly lower than the control group (p<0.01); (4) The six groups and the total score of risk behaviors were significantly positively correlated with impulsiveness, neuroticism, impulsive sensation seeking, aggressive-hostility, negative life events and family conflicts, and were significantly negatively correlated with family cohesion (p<0.01). The six groups and the total score of risk behaviors and paranoid, schizotypal, histrionic, narcissistic, borderline, antisocial personality disorder have a significant positive correlation; (5) Gender, subjective individual social status, attention impulsiveness, motor impulsive- ness, family cohesion, negative life events, neuroticism, impulsive sensation seeking and aggressive-hostility personality traits and other factors can predict youth risk behavior, can explain 40.3% and 38.8% of the variance of risk behaviors in junior and high school students; (6) The model fit indices of negative life events, impulsivity, family cohesion and risk behaviors wereχ~2 = 235.19, CMINDF = 3.095, GFI = 0.962, CFI = 0.966, RMSEA = 0.055. The negative life events, neuroticism, family cohesion and risk behaviors of model fit indices wereχ~2=217.34,CMINDF=4.264,GFI=0.957,CFI=0.960,RMSEA=0.059. The negative life events, impulsive sensation seeking and aggressive-hostility traits, family cohesion and risk behaviors of model fit indices wereχ~2 = 170.35, CMINDF = 2.012, GFI = 0.969, CFI = 0.975, RMSEA = 0.041, the models are fitted with an acceptable degree.Conclusions: (1) There are certain incidence and frequency of the six groups of risk behaviors in junior and senior students. There are also certain positive rate of personality disorder and neurological soft signs; (2) The high-risk groups behave high impulsivity, neuroticism, impulsive sensation seeking, aggressive-hostility, negtive life events, family conflicts and personality disorder tendency and low family cohesion, indicating that high-risk youth have poor impulse control, more easily washed to experience negative emotion, feeled more life stress and family conflict and less family cohesion; (3) Male, non-only-child, low subjective social status, high impulsivity, neuroticism, impulsive sensation seeking, aggressive-hostility, negtive life events and family conflicts can positively predict of risk behaviors, and female, only-child, high subjective social status and family cohesion play a negative role in the prediction of risk behaviors, suggesting that the low self-esteem, poor impulse control, negative emotional, sufferring negtive life events and family conflict wree susceptibility factors in adolescent risk behaviors and women, high self-worth and family harmony were protective factors for risk behaviors; (4) Negtive life events, impulsivity, neuroticism, impulsive sensation seeking and aggressive-hostility traits play a synergistic role in the process of the incidence of youth risk behaviors, and family cohesion is to reduce the risk of life events stress on risk behavior.