The Research Of Basic Public Service Equalization In The Perspective Of Main Function Area

There is a huge difference in natural history, economic and social development between the various regions of China. Narrowing regional disparities in levels of basic public services, is not only the need to maintain the basic right of subsistence and development of different areas'residents, which is an effective way of transforming growth into the overall development of human, but is the main objective of promoting social justice, maintaining social stability and border security, building service-oriented government and a harmonious society. Therefore, the "12th five-year plan" will promote the enjoyment of all residents in the main function of the equalization of basic public services for promoting coordinated regional development priority.China's "12th five-year plan" states:"The overall strategy for regional development strategy and the main functional areas, is to build a regional development pattern, that is, sharing complementary advantages of regional economic strengths, clear position of the main functional, efficient use of land space, man and nature living in harmony pattern, and gradually different regions to achieve the equalization of basic public services." The regional development patterns based on the main functional areas get rid of one-sided pursuit of economic output gaps narrow mindset, and by a variety of ways such as financial transfer payment, to achieve capacity of local public expenditure equalization, thereby reducing living standards in different areas and gaps in public services. From the point of view of policy direction, that development pattern lays stress on social development, strengthens the government's social management and public service functions, strengthens land, taxation, monetary policy adjustment, and focuses on improving basic public services and equal level; the development pattern not only to consider the traditional eastern, central, western region, but also consider how to adapt to four main functional areas through transfer payments to achieve equalization of public services.For the positioning of the main functional areas, the optimal development and the key development areas will have more economic development opportunities, but due to the greater commitment to ecological functions, the constraints and prohibition development areas will have restrictions on their economic development activities, and the public services provision ability of financial expenditure will be reduced. The difference of the public services provision ability existed in each main functional areas, such as in developed areas and backward areas, urban and rural areas, between urban districts and rural counties. To make this difference does not expand or shrink or even disappear gradually, the government departments need to set up reasonable institutional arrangements according to the main functional areas strategy to achieve the equalization of basic public services.The thesis makes the basic public services of the main functional areas as the object of study, and the core content is divided into two parts. This paper will combine the policy put forward by "11th five-year plan" and "12th five-year plan" to make analysis. The district objectives in main functional areas proposed by the Plan, put forward new requirements for the financial transfer payment. Considering the allocation of fiscal transfers between regions, not only to consider the traditional eastern, central and western regions, but also to consider how to adapt to four main functional areas through transfer payments to achieve equalization of public services. Therefore, the standard, size, structure, layout and type of transfer payment should carry out reform and innovation, such as setting targeted transfer payments subject of the main functional areas and increasing financial support for weak areas.The first part of the thesis analyzed status quo of non-equalization of basic public services among the main functional areas, then analyzed the impact factor of the equalization of basic public services. This part of the discourse not only used qualitative description but also a large number of statistical data to support.The second part of the thesis analyzed the necessity and feasibility to realise equalization of basic public services among the main functional areas, and then the policy ideas are given.In the part of the necessity and feasibility analysis, this thesis listed the relevant data to demonstrate it. According to statistics, the average annual economic growth rate was over 9% during 30 years of China's reform and opening up, and revenue also had substantial growth. National revenue in 2010 reached 8.308 trillion yuan, up 21.3 percent over the previous year, which provide possibility to realize the equalization of basic public services.In the part of policy thinking analysis, this thesis made analysis combining the existing domestic policies. The implementation of basic public services depends on a country or region's economic development level, and stage of economic development is a decisive factor; reasonable institutional arrangements is another decision factor to ensure equalization of basic public services. Therefore, to promote the equalization of basic public services among the main functional areas, by means of financial transfer payment the prohibited and restricted ecological protection zone residents can enjoythe equalization of basic public services the basic public services and the same development opportunities.