Synthesis And Application Of Reactive Surfactants

Reactive surfactants can be synthesized by bringing double bonds into the molecule structure. Permanently linkage can be formed by the reaction between the reactive group and the substrate being adsorbed, which makes the surfactant molecules become part of the substrate, simultaneously the surface of substrate is activated. Reactive surfactants can not only solve the disadvantages of many conventional surfactants, but be applied to various fields like construction, paper manufacture, leather, industrial coating and biological medicine due to their particular structure and properties. So far the theoretical research and application of the reactive surfactants in textile dyeing and finishing area are still relatively little.In this paper, four kinds of reactive surfactants (DMDB, DMMB, DMHB and DMSB) were synthesized and their structures were characterized by HR and HNMR. The emulsifying properties of each reactive surfactant to the different monomers and the optimal emulsifying process were investigated. The application of the products in adhensive agents of pigment dyeing was also studied.The cmc and ycmc are followed:31.8mN/m,0.5×10-2mol/L;32.3mN/m、1.0×10-2mol/L;32.2mN/m、0.4×10-2mol/L;33.0mN/m、0.8×10-2mol/LThe results indicate that reactive surfactants had more excellent emulsifying property than traditional surfactants. DMDB showed the best emulsifying property by evaluating the data of centrifugal coefficient, particle size, zeta potential of the emulsions. The other three surfactants had relatively low emulsifying property, which was caused by the longer hydrocarbon chain length.Combined with other surfactants in different proportions, the reactive surfactants were applied to emulsify the monomers of methyl methancrylate, methyl acrylate and styrene under certain conditions. The optimal ratio of the combination was obtained in light of centrifugal coefficient, particle size, and zeta potential. In addition, the optimal processes of the combined surfactants in emulsifying three kinds of polymers were analyzed on basis of centrifugal coefficient, which were found to change with the stirring speed, emulsifying time, emulsifying temperature, emulsifying agent dosage and the proportion.The cationic surfactants synthesized were also used in the pigment dyeing by acting as the adhensive agents. The crocking fastness, soaping fastness and K/S value of the dyed textile were tested by changing the dosage of the adhensive agents and the curing temperature. The result shows that each property of the dyed textile increased with the dosage of the adhensive agents.