Effects Of Selenium And Germanium On The Physiological Characteristics And Quality Of Garlic

The selenium and the germanium are the human maintenance organism health essentialtrace element. At present already confirmed the selenium main function was catalyzes theperoxide to decompose, blocks the lipid peroxide chain reaction and eliminates certainorganic hydride, protects the biological membrane structure and the function integrity. Thegermanium has the anti-cancer, anti-aging, scavenging free radicals, immune regulation,blood “scavenger”, antioxidant, antibacterial and other biological activity. Selenium andgermanium content are generally low in vegetables, executes the selenium and the germaniumthrough the vegetables to be possible to cause the toxic inorganic selenium and germanium totransform the non-toxic organic selenium and germanium after the vegetables absorption.Garlic is an important vegetable, with medicinal and health care value. Therefore, theresearches of the selenium and the germanium on the physiological characteristics and qualityof garlic have the vital significance. This experiment tries the material by the garlicachievement, takes the sodium selenite and the germanium dioxide as selenium source andgermanium source, and then studies the effect of selenium and germanium on thephysiological characteristics and quality by spraying different concentrations and differentfrequencies of selenium source and germanium source on the leaves of garlic, respectively.The test results indicated that:1. Effects of selenium on the physiological characteristics and quality of garlicExecute the selenium to be possible to promote the garlic adult plant growth. Obtains tothe garlic growth target generalized analysis, Compared with CK, the height, pseudostemdiameter, leaf sheath length, leaf width, leaf area of garlic plant by spraying2times of10mg·L^-1sodium selenite solution on the garlic leaves are increased effectively, the root activityof garlic are enhanced significantly, the fresh weights per bolt and per bulb are increased by68.25%and29.00%, respectively.Execute the selenium to be possible to promote the photosynthetic capacity of garlicadult plant. Compared with CK, the photosynthetic pigment content of garlic by spraying2times of10mg·L^-1sodium selenite solution on the garlic leaves are increased effectively, netphotosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance of the leaves of garlic areenhanced significantly, but intercellular CO₂concentration is reduced significantly. Execute the selenium to be possible to enhance antioxidant enzyme activity of garlic leafand delay leaf senescence. Compared with CK, SOD and CAT activity of garlic leaves byspraying2times of10mg·L^-1sodium selenite solution on the garlic leaves are improvedeffectively,3.14and3.31times of those in CK, respectively. But the POD activity of theleaves of garlic is reduced significantly.Appropriate selenium could significantly increase the content of selenium in garlic. In allthe treatment, Se contents in bolts and bulbs are enhanced significantly with applicationdosage and time of selenium. The highest values are3.85and4.41times of those in CK to19.81mg·kg^-1and23.96mg·kg^-1by spraying15mg·L^-1selenium for3times on the garlicleaves, respectively.Execute the selenium to be possible to improve the nutrition quality of bolts and bulbs.Compared with CK, spraying10mg·L^-1selenium for2times on the garlic leaves, the contentsof soluble sugar, soluble protein and vitamin C in bolts and bulbs are increased by73.05%,104.66%,18.95%and82.01%,51.27%,69.82%, respectively. Moreover, the free amino acidcontent in bulbs is higher （about138.91%of CK bulbs’） than that in CK bulbs, while the freeamino acid content in bolts is lower （about63.05%of CK bolts’） than that in CK bolts, andthe allicin contents in bolts and bulbs are reduced.2. Effects of germanium on the physiological characteristics and quality of garlicExecute the germanium to be possible to promote the garlic adult plant growth. Obtainsto the garlic growth target generalized analysis, Compared with CK, the height, pseudostemdiameter, leaf sheath length, leaf width, leaf area of garlic plant by spraying8mg·L^-1germanium for3times on the garlic leaves are increased effectively，the root activity ofgarlic and the fresh weights per bolt and per bulb are enhanced significantly.Execute the germanium to be possible to promote the photosynthetic capacity of garlicadult plant. Compared with CK, the photosynthetic pigment content of garlic by spraying8mg·L^-1germanium for3times on the garlic leaves are increased effectively, netphotosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance of the leaves of garlic areenhanced significantly, but intercellular CO₂concentration is reduced significantly..Execute the germanium to be possible to enhance antioxidant enzyme activity of garlicleaf and delay leaf senescence. Compared with CK, SOD and CAT activity of garlic leaves byspraying8mg·L^-1germanium for3times on the garlic leaves are improved effectively,3.06and2.55times of those in CK, respectively, but the POD activity of the leaves of garlic isreduced significantly. Appropriate germanium could significantly increase the content of germanium in garlic.In all the treatment, Ge contents in bolts and bulbs are enhanced significantly with applicationdosage and time of germanium. The highest values are2.27and2.29times of those in CK to84.23mg·kg^-1and178.06mg·kg^-1by spraying12mg·L^-1germanium for3times on the garlicleaves, respectively.Execute the germanium to be possible to improve the nutrition quality of bolts and bulbs.Compared with CK, spraying8mg·L^-1germanium for3times on the garlic leaves, thecontents of soluble sugar, soluble protein, vitamin C, allicin and free amino acid in bolts andbulbs are the highest, increased by49.59%,22.74%,13.90%,15.33%,13.19%and23.28%,9.63%,39.09%,33.56%,31.35%, respectively.