Ecosystem Of Agriculture,Forestry, Animal Husbandry And Energy Flowing Research In Huachuan

Ecological agriculture based on ecological theory, ecological agriculture technology as the main means to the processing between the biological relationship between the biological and environmental center, and ultimately achieve a unified economic, ecological and social benefits of agricultural production and operatingactivities. The ecological agriculture has completely changed the confrontation of traditional agricultural production and biodiversity, biodiversity-based agricultural production structure, so that the main function of the agro-ecosystems tend to a virtuous circle. Therefore, ecological agriculture is to protect resources, increase efficiency, and effective way to promote sustainable agricultural development.Ecology theory as a guide, use of modern ecological agriculture Huachuan agriculture ecosystems, analysis of energy flow and nutrient cycling characteristics of the agro-ecosystems, aimed at ways to rationally adjust agricultural ecosystem energy flow direction and nutrientinput to provide a basis to improve the energy output of the system to promote the agro-ecosystems of the virtuous circle and create a sustainable development of agro-ecosystems. Study area agro-ecosystems in the current environment of the new rural construction, energy exchange characteristics and nutrient balance analysis will be useful in understanding the problems of agricultural production and coordination for the various production sectors, sustainable development to provide a reference for the efficient the ecological cycle of modern agricultural development, agro-ecosystems stable and reasonable to provide a scientific basis.The project is interdisciplinary research methods, research methods and integrated use of the disciplines of mathematics, ecology, computer science, geographic information systems, Huachuan production conditions in a lot of basic research has been carried out above,theoretical and practical study of two aspects.Huachuan agro-ecosystems,1990-2009animal husbandry, farming, forestry, human and orchards groups ecosystem energy flow pathway, artificial energy input, energy output andthe energy conversion efficiency of the flow characteristics. The results showed that:(1) the farming ecosystem assisted investment in energy and energy output increases every year, while the energy inputs and outputs at a low level, low energy use. The average utilization of farmland light is low, only0.2%, equivalent to only32percent of China’s farmland in2001the average solar energy utilization efficiency. Investment can be farmland is still in the stage of rapid increase in energy efficiency, the average vote can only cast a reasonable energy range upper limit of73%energy in2009is87%of the maximum suitable area in two decades. Develop a multi-maturing varieties planted to increase the artificial input in farmland, especially on the inputs of organic and chemical fertilizers, can significantly improve the energy output and energy use efficiency.(2) of orchards energy flows on the issue of output to input is relatively low, due to the extensive forest management, and output to input high and a small investment,95percent of the total output of firewood in the fruit industry ecosystem development firewood, pastureforestry, fruit tree-based forest area expansion, will strongly promote the ecological environment improvement and structural adjustment of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, agro-ecosystems.(3) the energy inputs and outputs of livestock ecosystems are increasing, energy feed conversion ratio of output to input is relatively high,0.52and0.4759, the output of which animal products accounted for only18%, a large part of the energyconsumed by livestock and poultry daily life. Reduce the consumption of grain-based livestock production, to adjust the livestock structure, to expand the meat of livestock and poultry farming and grazing of the milk-to-use, moderate development of commodity culture and large-scale breeding can improve the effective output of animal husbandry ecosystem. More adequate feeding source of fodder grass of the hillside huachuan should, vigorously develop animal husbandry, is expected to build an important animal husbandry base in the Sanjiang Plain.(4)Huachuan agro-ecosystems in the energy flow is an open system, each year there are25054.95×1010J characteristics of agricultural and sideline products output to outside the system, but due to the low level of production relations, the effective energy output of the ecosystem is not sufficient to maintain the systemthe normal operation, the average annual need271,219.12×1010J coal, pesticides, gas, fertilizer, plastic film, agricultural machinery imported from outside (equivalent to29.6%of the total output of the system), can promote the agro-ecosystemshealthy functioning. System stability index of0.51.