Studies On Germplasm Innovation And Industrialization Of Broccoli Cv. Shenly No.2

Broccoli(Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Planch) is a mutation from cabbage of Brassica, Cruciferae, originating from eastern coast of Mediterranean Sea. It spread to China at the beginning of twentieth century. As a new vegetable cultivar in China, the beginning of sprouting broccoli breeding was later than other vegetable cultivars and its germplasms were less. Recently, sprouting broccoli was gradually popular in China, and it occupied important rank in export. The planting area of sprouting broccoli expanded in recent years, up to about134thousand hectares per year. And40thousand kilogram seeds were needed. However, there was few cultivars from local breeding, and the seeds used in production depended on importation which were not adapted to environment in our country. And the seed price of seed was expensive. It was important that new cultivars with self-determination intellectual property rights, better characteristic, high resistance to stress and diseases were needed. And the skills of standardization for planting and managing would be studied and spread to direct the development of sprouting broccoli industry and deal with green bulwark.The present research worked on sprouting broccoli variety collecting, classifying, evaluating and purifying. Hybrid combinations were compared though zone trial and demonstration. One new sprouting broccoli hybrid cultivar was gained and the planting skills were also studied. The new cultivar was spread to Shanghai and several provinces. Good economic and social benefits were achieved. The main results were as follows:1. Six self-incompatible lines and three male sterile lines were gained from observating and evaluating of ninety-six broccoli materials. A new hybrid of broccoli cultivar,’Shenlv No.2’was gained through hybrid combination and cultivars comparison, and was approved by Shanghai government.2. The sowing date, seedling age, sowing density, fertilizer, removing the branches and seedling type were studied by using the’Shenlv No.2’. The results showed that the appropriate sowing time was August5in Shanghai. The optimal density was2200per667square meters. The yield didn’t reduced significantly when normal amount of fertilizer was cut off20%amount. Whereas, the single curd weight and exportation rate increased. The tray seedlings has a better field performance than soil seedlings. And the yield and quality of the tray seedlings are higher than soil seedlings. The results of five demonstration sites showed that the average yield of’Shenlv No.2’was above1000kilograms and the export rate are closed to60percent.3. More than1000kilograms seeds of’Shenlv No.2’were produced during the conducting period. The cultivation demonstration base of the Shenlv No.2’was established about120hectares, which production value is about five million RMB.’Shenlv No.2’hybrid more than six hundred kilogram seeds of Shenlv No.2were sold and the area of cultivation was over200thousand hectares. Production value was more than6000million RMB.