| Xinjiang is one of the main areas for producing red jujube in China. The jujube fruit is extremely famous because of large size and excellent quality. However, Xingjiang is dry in weather, poor in water holding abilities of sierozem and aeolian sandy soil, deficient in soil nutrients and low in organic matter. To culture health seedlings is the basis for the normal and vigorous growth of jujube trees in fields. Soil is the medium for plant growing and organic matter could ameliorate soil and supply nutrients for plants. In addition, abuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) could mobilize soil nutrients, improve plant nutrition, and promote their growth. Therefore, our present experiment was carried out with zizyphus jujube, the stock of red jujube, to study matrix components and fungis effects on the growth, nutrient uptake, and physiological indexes of young seedlings. They were grown in a purple soil from Chongqing and a sierozem from Xingjiang, respectively. Cow manure, the local main organic waste in Xingjiang, was added into soils and AMF was inoculated at the culture matrix making. The main objective was to develop a technique to produce mycorrizhal jujube seedlings. Following are the results obtained.1. The effects of matrix components on growth and nutrient absorption of jujube seedlings.The growth of zizyphus jujube seedlings was promoted by the adding organic matter into culture matrix. Plant height, branch number, and biomass were significantly higher than the blank control. The largest biomass was observed by adding9.09%(purple soil) and11.11%(sierozem) of organic matter into soils. Increased chlorophyll could promote photosynthesis and carbohydrates accumulation, which could be one of the reasons for the vigorous growth of the seedlings. Organic matter added into matrix enhanced variably the contents of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in the young jujube seedlings, the sequence of the largest nutrient absorption increase amplitudes was K> N> P, particularly those in purple soil. More nutrient absorption by the seedlings might be related to increased root vitality and high nitrate reductase activity. After90days of cultivation, pH, organic matter, and nutrients such as N, P and K were reduced in mixed matrix, indicating plant nutrient supplies by organic matter decomposition.2. The effects of AM fungi inoculation on jujube seedlings growth and nutrient absorption of jujube seedlings.AM fungi Glomuse mosseae Gerdemann&Trappe (BEG167) and Glomus intraradices Smith&Schenck(BEG193) infected jujube seedlings effectively. Infection rate ranged from40%to45%, BEG167was the highest. Mycorrhizal effects of AM fungis were different because of strain varies. BEG167had the best performance on promoting growth and improving seedling quality, manifested as developing root system, enhancing root activity and increasing chlorophyll content. Morever, the absorption of N, P, K increased as well as root activity and nitrate reductase activity enhanced.3.Mycorrhizal jujube seedling production technology.According to the effects of matrix components and AM fungis on jujube seedlings growth, up to45%infection rate, best growth and quality mycorrhizal jujube seedlings could be cultivated by adding9.09%(purple soil) or11.11%(sierozem) cattle manure and injecting BEG167. |
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