A Study On The Structure "X+Yeshi(de)"

Chinese. Its specific use can be roughly divided into three types:The first type, to express that“X”has the same o similar relationship with theitem that has been mentioned above. A structure like this has been marked as P1.The second type, to express the criticism or dissatisfaction with“x”, and thiskind of attitude always appears along with the similar attitude for the other object thatwas described above. Such a structure like this has been marked as P2.The third type, without any pedestal, used directly to express a attitude likecriticism or dissatisfaction with“X”. A structure like this has been marked as P3.The three different structures have been studied in different aspects, syntactic,condensation semantical, pragmatical, as well as in subjectivity and subjectivisationaspect, ect.In syntax aspect, we have studied respectively on the“X”in the three structures.We have found that the“X”that can enter the structure P1 is much more than that canenter the P2 and P3. P1 is more flexible in forming a sentence. At the same time, dueto the impact of the written and spoken language style and the speaker’s languagehabits, the performance of the word“de”is also different. But most of the structure P3is ended with the mood word“de”.In semantics aspect, based on the theory of semantic orientation, we concludedrespectively the meaning of the word“ye”in the three structures. In the P1 and P2,the word“ye”is used its basic meaning,“there is some of same things in the differentthings”. The word“ye”in the P3 is not used its basic meaning. Next, we have studiedrespectively the word“shi”in the three structures. In the P1,“shi”is used its basicmeaning, to judge something. In the P2 and P3,“shi”in no used the basic meaning.So in the structure P1, the overall meaning of“yeshi”= the basic meaning of the“ye”+ the basic meaning of the“shi”. In the structure P2, the overall meaning of“yeshi”≠ the basic meaning of the“ye”+ the basic meaning of the“shi”. In the structure P3,the overall meaning of“yeshi”≠the basic meaning of the“ye”+ the basic meaning ofthe“shi”. But the difference in the P2 and P3 is that,“ye”in the P2 is its basic usage,“shi”is not. In the P3, neither of the two words is used its basic meaning. So we candraw the conclusion that, P1 is a non-condensing structure, P2 is a semi-condensedstructure, and P3 is a condensed structure.In pragmatics aspect, in the first place, we studied the origin semantic of thesemi-condensed structure and the condensed structure P3 from the aspects ofpragmatic inference and the condensation of the situation semantical meaning. Alongwith the condensation of the structures, the focus of the sentences has changed, too.The change of the focus is often reflected in the accent. In the next place, we studiedP2 and P3 on the base of the theory of Face behavior and Politeness Principle inConversation. Finally, we studied the specific forms of discourse of each structure.In subjectivity and subjectivisation aspect, we have found by comparison thatfrom P1 to P2 to P3, the speaker’s standards of evaluation have experienced from anobjective public evaluation criteria to a subjective double evaluation criterion, from asubjective double criterion of evaluation to a subjective one-way criterion. In thisprocess, the criterion of evaluation for judging has changed from the popularity to thecriterion with a reference, finally, to the non-reference, and the discourse image of thespeaker has become increasingly prominent. At the same time, the structural functionhas changed from the propositional function into a conversational function, thesubject of the sentence, has changed from the subject of the sentence into the subjectof the speaker, the morpheme’s form has changed from the free-form into the adhesiveform.