A Multi-angle Research Of "Yeshi" And The Structure "X Yeshi(De)"

This article divides"Yeshi"in modern Chinese into four categories.They are:phrase"Yeshi₁",modal adverb"Yeshi₂",topic marker"Yeshi₃"and discourse marker"Yeshi₄".Taking"X Yeshi（de）"structure as an example,this paper examines"Yeshi"and the structure"X Yeshi（de）"from three perspectives:syntax,semantics and pragmatics.It takes the structure"X Yeshi（de）"as an example to study the lexicalization,grammatification and their motivation and mechanism of"Yeshi".From a syntactic point of view,the components of"X"in the structure of"X Yeshi（de）"expressing similarity,euphemistic complaints and affirmation are different and mostly referring to nominal components;the modal adverb"Yeshi₂"has dynamic and prepositional features in combination;the syntactic distribution of discourse markers"Yeshi₄"is flexible.From the perspective of semantics,the semantics of"Yeshi"is closely related to the meaning similarity and euphemism of the adverb"Ye".The structure of"X Yeshi₄（de）"expressing affirmation semantically reflects the speaker’s recognition and affirmation of events or opinions in the previous text.The structure of"X Yeshi₃（de）"expressing euphemistic complaints has both similar and euphemistic meanings when contrasting items appear in sentences.From the perspective of discourse,discourse marker"Yeshi₄"often appears in the form of"X Yeshi₄（de）"in discourse,which plays the function of showing attitudes and serving as a link between the preceding and the following.The structure of"X Yeshi（de）"expressing similarity,euphemistic complaints and affirmation usually appears in the form of"（Z）,X Yeshi（de）,（Y）",Z and Y appear according to the specific situation."X Yeshi₃（de）"expressing euphemistic complaints has the functions of opening,continuing and changing topics.From the perspective of grammaticalization and its motivation,there are two grammaticalization path of topic marker"Yeshi₃":one is from verbal phrase"Yeshi₁"which expresses similarity into mood adverb"Yeshi₂",and then further developing into topic marker"Yeshi₃";the other is the phrase"Yeshi₁"absorbs the meaning of euphemistic complaints in the context and then directly develops into topic marker"Yeshi₃".In addition,the discourse marker"Yeshi₄"is generated by the adverb"Ye"and the adjective"Shi"through solidification and grammaticalization.In the process of grammaticalization of topic marker"Yeshi₃",the principles of labor-saving and politeness in the pragmatic principles,reasoning and absorption mechanisms play an important role in the process of grammaticalization,the subjectivity of"Yeshi"is getting stronger and stronger.