Study On Subject-Object Exchange Sentence In Modern Chinese

Subject-object exchange sentence is a special syntactic and semantic phenomenon in modern Chinese grammar system, whose basic feature is that the subject and object of the sentence can interchange but the meaning of the sentence remains unchanged. For example:Two men ride a horse←�'A horse rides two men. Beijing is China’s capital←�'China’s capital is Beijing, and so on. This sentence’s cases and types are numerous and complex. Grammarians have not only described and analyzed the nature and type of subject-object exchange sentence in modern Chinese, but also discussed and explained the exchange motive of it since1950s. However the study of subject-object exchange sentence still exists that the classification standards are not unified, the explanations of the motive are not systemic, and monographs are not many. These undoubtedly left a vast space for our future research.The whole paper is divided into five parts as follows:The first part provides an overview of the study situation of subject-object exchange sentence in modern Chinese, defines the study object and the problems needing attention in the study process.Combined with the previous classification studies, the second part summarizes seven basic types of subject-object exchange sentence in modern Chinese:supplying subject-object exchange sentence, adherenee subject-object exchange sentence, existenee subject-object exchange sentence, blending subject-object exchange sentence, result subject-object exchange sentence, equivalenee subject-object exchange sentence, facing to face subject-object exchange sentence, provides a reasonable explanation for inconsistent naming and case superimposing in the previous classification studies.The third part makes a concrete analysis of the seven basic types of subject-object exchange sentence in modern Chinese, discusses the syntactic and semantic factors of effecting subject-object exchange, and contrasts the differences in syntax, semantics, pragmatics of A-type and B-type which exchange their subject and object. In the syntax respect, we mainly explore in two ways:Composition and structure of the sentence, Levels segmentation. In the semantics respect, we mainly explore in two ways:the relationship between semantic roles of NP1and NP2, the sentence meanings of A-type and B-type. In the pragmatics respect, we mainly explore in two ways:topic and focus, passion and style. On the basis of discussing differences, we put forward three selected angles in daily communication and writing: selected based on narrative angles, selected based on cognitive processes, selected based on convergences of context.The forth part analyzes formation reasons of subject-object exchange sentence in modern Chinese, In order to make a comprehensive and systematic explanation, this article tries to explain in Chinese ontology reasons and cognitive reasons. Language complexity and characteristics of Chinese word order provide the possibility of the existence of subject-object exchange sentence in modern Chinese. The particularity of the sentence is also the important reason for subject-object exchange. In the cognitive respect, because of semantic relations of symmetry and state meaning of static scene, people have bidirectional cognitive selections. Through the different selections of cognitive processes, one objective view generates different subjective images which directly cause the differences of language structure.The fifth part is a closing remark, summarizes the main study contents of this article.