The County Government Of Suiyuan Region In The Modern Times(1901——1937)

After Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of the Qin dynasty in Chinese history, had united China, he abolished the system of enfeoffment and established and implemented the system of prefectures and counties.Hereafter more than2000years, although it experienced various kinds of change, the County has been served as the basic and fundamental unit of administrative system of China, which has become a customized system. After the Opium War in1840, China’s social structure has undergone dramatic changes, and it was forced to start the process of modernization.Corresponding to this, the county government was inevitably faced with the process of transformation and reformation. The war of the Eight-Power Allied Forces’invasion of China completely declared that the old system of rule model could no longer keep its position in the history; the Qing government was forced to begin the New Deal, which marked the prelude to political reform. From the four counties board mode period of Northern warlords Government, and then to the council reform period of Conference Board of the Nanjing National Government,it basically completed the transformation of modern administration in China.When it goes to the Suiyuan region, there was a big difference between counties in the time when the administrative system of County was established. Some counties in the Suiyuan area existed in the form of the Office organic form and the Administrative Bureau organic form before the establishment of the system of County, but they still undertook the functions of county government. Examining throughout the process of transformation and reformation of the county government in the Suiyuan area during the period of1901to1937, we can discover that apart from being based on the traditional county level political system, it was featured by successive characteristics that evolved from the late Qing dynasty to the period of Northern warlords Government and the Nanjing National Government; at the same time, the evolution process has interwoven with the transformation and evolution process of the county level political government which started from the late Qing dynasty. Undertaking this research on the county government of the Suiyuan region from1901to1937will, to some extent, be helpful to deepen the understanding to the study of regional political history and the study of regional social history.This thesis is divided into three parts:introduction, main body, and conclusion. The introduction part presents the background and need for the study, the significance of the study and the information about the relevant researches. The main body composes of five parts:The first part is a brief introduction to the Office organic form and the Administrative Bureau organic form existed before the establishment of the system of county government, which have the same administrative function as the county government and the process of political reformation of counties; the second part discusses the evolution and transformation process of county government agencies and organizations in the Suiyuan area to further explore its process of reformation and modernization. It also gives a research on how the county government in the Suiyuan region realized its financial autonomy gradually; the third part is mainly about how the Suiyuan region came into being and how its district regime was finally formed. It also mentions about the district regime’s political control over the lower level government and the situation of Bao-Jia system in Suiyuan area; the fourth part discusses the process of transformation and reformation of the judicial system of the county government in the Suiyuan region supervised by the chief executive of the county government; the final part is mainly about the formation and development of the police agencies in the Suiyuan region as well as its autonomous characteristics. The conclusion part gives out a brief summary to the main points of the whole thesis.