Research On The Credit Cooperative’s Reorganization And Reform Of Shandong Province In The Late "Cultural Revolution" Period

The people’s republic of China’s rural credit cooperative was born from a particular political background and economic environment conditions. As soon as the system creation began,it was included in the national political, economic construction plan, and was endowed with the goals of realization the proletariat political and the socialist modernization construction. In the period of the people’s commune, with the national situation, the rural credit cooperative of Shandong province was also wavering between the"official"pole and the "private" pole.Its management had experienced by the central government (national bank) to the local government (the people’s commune,the production brigade) management with repeated adjustments.In "the Cultural revolution" period, the credit cooperative was under in the macro background of social unrest and the microscopic system of internal management by the poor and lower-middle peasants.Its institutional setting, management system, personnel system fell into disorder.Especially of the management system,the poor and lower-middle peasants did not want to, did not dare to manage it,and they did not proficient in managing it too.The bank branches can’t manage.The people’s commune and the production brigade not only did not manage but also had damage on it. This made the rural credit cooperatives’business and social services suffered a serious defeat.So,in1971of the Cultural revolution, the national began to reform the institutions,the management system and the personnel system, etc.The reformed was under the concept of the Planning system, measured the form of nation "arranged" However it made the credit cooperative into the paradox of "cooperation":it was arranged as the bank in nature,but always put emphasis on that it is a cooperative financial organization on the policy to keep credit cooperatives in rural areas and absorb the rural capital.However,the cloak of cooperative finance can not stop the credit cooperatives to betray the Agriculture,Countryside and Farmer issues. This reform established the rural credit cooperatives’official way, and make the credit system become more and more rigid. Even so, the reform was still made the credit system remain stable.Its business and social services were restored, continued to take on the guidance and oversight of the financial functions of communes,provided capital support for the basic construction of irrigation and water conservancy infrastructure construction. The credit cooperatives in the short term presents "prosperity".The credit cooperative’s reorganization and reform was dominated by the central government and promoted by the rural credit cooperatives" staff and the bank branches. It Presented the obvious mandatory change characteristics of strong path dependence.Due to the concept of the Planning system,the path of nation arranged form and the goal of end of chaos, controlling the situation, playing its political and economic function,the reform was just self correction of the planning system and old order’s restoring,and can not innovate and breakthrough from the old system.