Analysis Of Medical Security Thoughts And System In Feudal Society

With the economic developing rapidly and the living standard of people rising gradually, it has become a serious problem to establish an improved medical security system which the government must confront with. From a historical viewpoint, this paper mainly describes the establishment of medical security institutions in Feudal Society, taking Anji Fang for example. We hope to find some building advice and suggestions for today’s "new medical reform".The paper consists of the preface, and text. The preface describes the purpose and significance, literature reviews, information, methods and structure. Six chapters constitute the text. The first two chapters as a whole introduce the medical security thought and organization establishment in Feudal Society. Taking Anji Fang for example, the third、forth and fifth chapters describe in detail the establishment of medical security institutions in Song Dynasty. The last chapter gives some suggestions. As follows:The first chapter describes the medical security thought in the Confucianism, the Taoism and the Buddhism which were the most influential in Feudal Society.The Confucianism thinks that all charitable activities are derived from natural instincts. The early Taoism had different internal opinions. As a whole, the first opinion objected strongly to medicine treatment. The second opinion conditionally accepted the medicine in treatment. However, the last opinion admitted the medicine in treatment in order to keep health. Until Sui and Tang Dynasties, rulers advocated the Taoism leading to it undertaking more medical assistance responsibilities. The Buddhism insists that Buddhist monks should have compassion for everyone, which resulted in the creation of Beitian Fang to relieve the diseased people.The second chapter mainly describes the evolution process of medical security institutions before Song Dynasty. In history, medical offices have a long time. "Zhou Li" has the earliest records of laws and institutions set up in China, among which is the physician. Although in that time the duties of physicians were limited in physician, it has become the national responsibility.The earliest thought on social security is raised in "Book of Rites"."Guan Zi" firstly makes the thought on social security into the system design.Until Wei and Jin Dynasties, under the influence of Buddhism, the creation of the "Liuji Guan" has great significance in history, which makes the thought on supporting the disease people become real. Since then, rulers began to rescue people who have disease and set up special institutions to management that.In Tang Dynasty, the ruler firstly sent officials to supervise Beitian Fang. Later the government supplied funds and land for its development. This institution has been transformed into a national medical security. The responsibilities of the government for social security were more extended.The third chapter firstly introduces the background, and then the implement content mainly from the assistance object, the financial fund and the supervision.In early, the song government established the Futian Yuan for the old and disease. After then, the scale gradually enlarged. Until 1102, Anji Fang was established as a medical security institution.Because of the limited materials in the literature records, the assistance object is roughly divided into four aspects based on the excavation discovery achievements:the first are natives and foreigners who are helpless with no power to heal the sick; the second are soldiers and their families; the third are prisoners in prison and the fourth are the officials and their employee. Anji Fang was supported financially by the country in the development. People were respectively placed in different rooms according to severity. In addition to providing daily diet, doctors periodically conducted physical examinations. Anji Fang had a set of strict system in facilities, treatment, and management of staffing and supervision. The supervision system included pre-supervision and post-supervision. In order to make sure everyone can get the assistance timely and reasonably, the pre-supervision was divided into four steps. And the post-supervision mainly made up careless omissions in pre-monitoring.After a detailed introduction to the background and implement content, the fourth chapter elaborates the whole evolution process in Song Dynasty, namely the foundation period, the zigzag period, the improvement period, the recession period, the rebuilding period, the destruction period and the repair period. Under the influence of Anle Fang built by Sushi to relieve the diseased person, the government began to extend Anji Fang across the country. In the northern Song Dynasty, Anji Fang had an unstable process. However, it developed stably in the southern Song Dynasty.The fifth chapter analyzes the advantages, disadvantages, and influence of Anji Fang. Anji Fang mainly has two shortcomings. One is the instability of policies. The other is the omission in supervision. With the southern Song Dynasty disappearing, Anji Fang fade away from history. However, it had profound influence in later establishment and development of medical security system, for example, Yizhuang, Huimin Medicine Institution, private philanthropy and so on.The last chapter generalizes the text and puts forward some suggestions for today’s "new medical reform". Anji Fang is more superior than before in system, organization and spirit. So, such a perfect system should be acknowledged. In the last part, it discusses how to improve our present medical security system from social ethics、sufficient capital support and leading responsibility of government.